發(fā)布時間：2018-08-18 08:39

【摘要】：隨著“數(shù)字城市”逐漸興起,其最基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)載體,城市三維模型的構(gòu)建技術(shù)也在不斷飛速發(fā)展。經(jīng)過多年來的探索,在眾多技術(shù)中,攝影測量技術(shù)脫穎而出,其能大面積高效獲取數(shù)據(jù)的能力使得快速城市三維建模成為可能,但傳統(tǒng)攝影測量技術(shù)僅能獲得正攝影像數(shù)據(jù),缺乏側(cè)面紋理,在此問題上,又逐漸發(fā)展出一項新的技術(shù),即傾斜攝影測量技術(shù),該技術(shù)既可以獲取正攝影像,也能獲取側(cè)面紋理,為城市三維建模提供了一種新的思路。傾斜攝影測量技術(shù)就是目前發(fā)展起來的一項用于城市三維模型構(gòu)建的新技術(shù),它區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的攝影測量技術(shù),采用一個下視鏡頭,四個斜視鏡頭來獲取航空影像,在獲取正攝影像的同時也能獲取真實的側(cè)面紋理信息,從而能夠更加高效地構(gòu)建城市三維模型。本文結(jié)合運(yùn)用傾斜攝影測量技術(shù)建立昆明市主城建成區(qū)430平方公里范圍的城市三維模型的項目,系統(tǒng)對傾斜攝影測量技術(shù)進(jìn)行闡述,并對其中的重要特性,關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究分析,并作出相應(yīng)歸納總結(jié)。主要內(nèi)容有：(1)通過對傾斜影像進(jìn)行分析研究,總結(jié)出傾斜影像的十個基本特性。并重點對傾斜影像的分辨率運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)幾何關(guān)系進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的分析研究,推導(dǎo)得到相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)關(guān)系式。(2)介紹了影像預(yù)處理相應(yīng)的技術(shù),SIFT特征提取方法,并從特征匹配技術(shù)拓展到對多視影像匹配技術(shù)并進(jìn)行分析研究。(3)介紹了點云及其預(yù)處理技術(shù),分析總結(jié)模型構(gòu)建的主要步驟和其中所需要的約束條件,最后對紋理自動選優(yōu)、糾正和映射三項關(guān)于紋理的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行分析研究。對城市三維單體模型提取及應(yīng)用進(jìn)闡述,并對三維單體模型量測技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)分析研究。(4)結(jié)合具體項目將理論與實踐相結(jié)合進(jìn)行分析研究,將整個技術(shù)流程與技術(shù)理論相對應(yīng),并發(fā)現(xiàn)和分析其中存在的問題,總結(jié)出引起其主要問題的來源是遮擋的存在和地物的不穩(wěn)定性等原因。
[Abstract]:With the rise of "digital city", the construction technology of urban 3D model is developing rapidly. After many years of exploration, photogrammetry technology stands out among many technologies. Its ability to obtain data in large area and high efficiency makes it possible to quickly model 3D city, but traditional photogrammetry technology can only obtain positive photogrammetric data. In the absence of side texture, a new technique, tilt photogrammetry, has been developed, which can obtain both positive and lateral texture, which provides a new idea for urban 3D modeling. Oblique photogrammetry is a new technology used in the construction of urban 3D model, which is different from the traditional photogrammetry, which uses one down-looking lens and four strabismus lenses to obtain aerial images. The real side texture information can be obtained as well as the orthographic images, so that the 3D model of the city can be constructed more efficiently. Combining with the project of using tilt photogrammetry technology to establish the city 3D model of 430 square kilometers in the main city of Kunming, this paper systematically describes the tilt photogrammetry technology and its important characteristics. The key technologies are analyzed and summarized accordingly. The main contents are as follows: (1) the ten basic characteristics of tilt image are summarized by analyzing and studying the oblique image. The mathematical geometric relation of the resolution of inclined image is analyzed and the corresponding mathematical relation is derived. (2) the method of feature extraction of sift, which is the corresponding technique of image preprocessing, is introduced. And extended from feature matching technology to multi-view image matching technology and analysis. (3) introduce point cloud and its pretreatment technology, analyze and summarize the main steps of model construction and the constraints needed in it, finally, automatically select the texture. Three key techniques of texture correction and mapping are analyzed and studied. The extraction and application of urban 3D single model are expounded, and the basic theory of 3D monomer model measurement technology is analyzed and studied accordingly. (4) combining theory with practice, The whole technical process is corresponding to the technical theory and the existing problems are found and analyzed. The main causes of the problems are the existence of occlusion and the instability of ground objects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P23

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2188955