本文選題：地下位移 + 三維測(cè)量　； 參考：《中國(guó)計(jì)量學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：摘要：滑坡災(zāi)害發(fā)生頻繁、危害巨大�；卤O(jiān)測(cè)的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容中，地下位移的監(jiān)測(cè)能直觀地反映地下土體的變形情況，是滑坡監(jiān)測(cè)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。對(duì)可能發(fā)生滑坡的區(qū)域進(jìn)行地下位移實(shí)時(shí)在線測(cè)量，能起到及時(shí)的預(yù)警作用。 國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)于坡體深部位移的監(jiān)測(cè)，主要利用埋設(shè)在地質(zhì)鉆孔中的測(cè)斜儀、多點(diǎn)位移計(jì)和TDR同軸電纜。三種主流測(cè)量方法都不能測(cè)量出地下位移的三維變化。鑒于此，筆者提出一種基于霍爾和磁阻效應(yīng)的地下位移三維測(cè)量方法。 分析滑坡發(fā)生時(shí)的地質(zhì)變化情況，，選取常見(jiàn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)型滑坡、平移型滑坡和塊體滑移作為測(cè)量對(duì)象。基于滑動(dòng)體的局部地質(zhì)構(gòu)造不變性以及三維位移輪廓模型，提出測(cè)量方案：將多個(gè)圓柱形測(cè)量單元沿著共同的中軸線串接后埋入待測(cè)土體，通過(guò)測(cè)量所有相鄰單元間的相對(duì)位移來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)地下土體位移的測(cè)量。 將霍爾傳感器陣列、磁鋼、磁阻傳感器以及屏蔽層安裝在圓柱形測(cè)量單元之中，并建立三維系統(tǒng)坐標(biāo)系。對(duì)于測(cè)量單元A中的霍爾傳感器陣列與測(cè)量單元B中的磁鋼，地下土體的變形會(huì)改變兩者之間的相對(duì)位置。只要得到磁鋼在變形前后的三維坐標(biāo)，通過(guò)幾何運(yùn)算就能得出相對(duì)位移的大小。 搭建實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，逐步改變霍爾傳感器與磁鋼間的相對(duì)位置以標(biāo)定傳感器。采用標(biāo)定的數(shù)據(jù)，根據(jù)圓柱形磁鋼的磁場(chǎng)分布并結(jié)合MATLAB分析得出磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度（霍爾電壓）等值線，進(jìn)而構(gòu)建等值面模型�；诘戎得婺Ｐ�，設(shè)計(jì)采用三個(gè)呈等邊三角形分布的霍爾傳感器組成傳感器陣列。對(duì)于空間中的一個(gè)磁鋼，每一個(gè)霍爾傳感器對(duì)應(yīng)一個(gè)特定的霍爾電壓及等值曲面。三個(gè)等值曲面相交于一點(diǎn)，該點(diǎn)的三維坐標(biāo)由相應(yīng)的算法得出。 磁阻傳感器對(duì)地磁的測(cè)量結(jié)合磁鋼三維坐標(biāo)的測(cè)量，可完成相鄰測(cè)量單元之間相對(duì)位移的方向測(cè)量。相對(duì)位移的測(cè)量范圍可由一個(gè)三維空間中的柱體表示。該柱體是三個(gè)圓柱體相交的公共部分，其大小基于霍爾傳感器標(biāo)定的空間范圍。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：磁鋼三維坐標(biāo)的測(cè)量誤差保持在±5%以內(nèi)，地磁測(cè)量的誤差在±2%以內(nèi)，相鄰單元間的相對(duì)位移測(cè)量滿足實(shí)際要求。
[Abstract]:Abstract: landslide disasters occur frequently and cause great harm. Among the contents of landslide monitoring, the monitoring of underground displacement can directly reflect the deformation of underground soil, which is the key and difficult point of landslide monitoring. Real-time online measurement of underground displacement in areas where landslides may occur can play a timely and early warning role. For the monitoring of deep displacement of slope body at home and abroad, the inclinometer, multipoint displacement meter and TDR coaxial cable are mainly used. None of the three main methods can measure the three-dimensional variation of underground displacement. In view of this, a 3D measurement method of underground displacement based on Hall and magnetoresistive effect is proposed. Based on the analysis of the geological changes during the occurrence of the landslide, the common rotating landslide, the translational landslide and the block slip are selected as the measuring objects. Based on the local geological structure invariance of the sliding body and the 3D displacement profile model, the measurement scheme is put forward: multiple cylindrical measuring units are connected in series along the common central axis and buried into the soil under test. The displacement of the whole underground soil is measured by measuring the relative displacement of all adjacent elements. Hall sensor array, magnetosteel, magnetoresistive sensor and shielding layer are installed in cylindrical measurement unit, and 3D coordinate system is established. For Hall sensor array in measurement unit A and magnetic steel in measurement unit B, the deformation of underground soil will change the relative position between them. As long as the three-dimensional coordinates of the magnetic steel before and after deformation are obtained, the relative displacement can be obtained by geometric calculation. The relative position between Hall sensor and magnetic steel is changed step by step to calibrate the sensor. According to the magnetic field distribution of cylindrical magnetic steel and MATLAB analysis, the magnetic induction intensity (Hall voltage) isoline is obtained by using the calibrated data, and the isosurface model is constructed. Based on the isosurface model, three Hall sensors with equilateral triangle distribution are used to form the sensor array. For a magnetic steel in space, each Hall sensor corresponds to a specific Hall voltage and equivalent surface. The three equivalent surfaces intersect at one point, and the three dimensional coordinates of this point are obtained by the corresponding algorithm. The measurement of geomagnetism by magnetoresistive sensor combined with the measurement of 3D coordinate of magnetic steel can accomplish the direction measurement of relative displacement between adjacent measuring units. The measurement range of relative displacement can be expressed by a cylinder in a three-dimensional space. The cylinder is a common part of the intersection of three cylinders, and its size is based on the spatial range calibrated by Hall sensors. The experimental results show that the measurement error of 3D coordinate of magnetic steel is kept within 鹵5%, and the error of geomagnetic measurement is less than 鹵2%. The relative displacement measurement between adjacent elements meets the practical requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)計(jì)量學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22;P227

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