本文選題：GPS + 變形監(jiān)測��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著越來越多高聳建筑物的興建，其結(jié)構(gòu)健康狀況受到人們普遍的關(guān)注，及時掌握建筑在臺風(fēng)、地震等外界因素作用下的形變信息和受損程度，可以為建筑物的安全運營提供保障。和傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測手段相比，GPS在變形監(jiān)測方面具有高頻、實時和不受外界環(huán)境干擾等特性，使得GPS觀測技術(shù)成為變形監(jiān)測一種重要的新方法。 本文圍繞GPS動態(tài)變形監(jiān)測展開研究，主要內(nèi)容如下： （1）針對復(fù)雜環(huán)境偽距噪聲較大的情況，提出了一種周跳探測及修復(fù)的組合算法，并實驗論證了算法的有效性和實用性。利用開源代碼RTKLib的相對定位模塊，設(shè)計短基線解算程序，并與Track軟件進(jìn)行對比實驗，驗證了程序解算的結(jié)果具有較高的精度。 （2）詳細(xì)介紹了對流層延遲改正的基本方法，從溫度、相對濕度、大氣壓三個方面，模擬其變化和高差對對流層延遲的共同影響。在Kalman濾波中附加天頂對流層延遲參數(shù)，利用隨機過程法進(jìn)行估計，設(shè)計無高差和高差較大的兩組基線進(jìn)行對比實驗，分析改正效果。 （3）首先分別從偽距多路徑和測站坐標(biāo)序列的角度出發(fā)，分析測站連續(xù)兩天多路徑效應(yīng)的相關(guān)性，論證多路徑效應(yīng)的周日重復(fù)性。設(shè)計自適應(yīng)濾波器分離連續(xù)兩天的坐標(biāo)信號，其相關(guān)部分即為多路徑誤差，首先通過模擬實驗驗證自適應(yīng)濾波器分離信號的有效性，，然后對實測數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實驗，分析所設(shè)計的自適應(yīng)濾波器在多路徑誤差處理中的效果。對于單一信號或者相關(guān)性不好的輸入信號，自適應(yīng)濾波不再適用，提出采用小波分析提取多路徑效應(yīng)，通過振動臺實驗，分析原始信號中的測量噪聲、振動信號、周期多路徑效應(yīng)以及低頻多路徑效應(yīng)和溫度綜合影響等。 （4）以香港某高樓在臺風(fēng)荷載作用下實測的數(shù)據(jù)為例，分析以上理論方法在動態(tài)變形監(jiān)測中的適用性及有效性。提取高樓結(jié)構(gòu)振動信號時，先利用主成分分析PCA，聯(lián)合區(qū)域內(nèi)同步觀測數(shù)據(jù)，分離共模誤差并消除站間相關(guān)殘余誤差，然后利用小波分析方法提取高樓結(jié)構(gòu)振動信號，并從頻率域分析提取振動信號的正確性。
[Abstract]:With the construction of more and more high-rise buildings, people pay more and more attention to the health of their structures. They can grasp the deformation information and damage degree of the buildings under the influence of typhoon, earthquake and other external factors in time. Can provide the safeguard for the safe operation of the building. Compared with the traditional monitoring methods, GPS has the characteristics of high frequency, real time and no external environment interference, which makes the GPS observation technology become an important new method of deformation monitoring. This paper focuses on the dynamic deformation monitoring of GPS. The main contents are as follows: 1) in view of the large pseudo-range noise in complex environments, a combined algorithm for cycle slip detection and restoration is proposed, and the validity and practicability of the algorithm are demonstrated experimentally. Using the relative positioning module of open source code RTKLib, a short baseline program is designed and compared with Track software. The results show that the program has a high accuracy. 2) the basic method of tropospheric delay correction is introduced in detail. The influence of its variation and height difference on tropospheric delay is simulated from three aspects: temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. The zenith tropospheric delay parameters are added to the Kalman filter, and the stochastic process method is used to estimate them. Two groups of baselines with no height difference and great height difference are designed to carry out comparative experiments, and the correction results are analyzed. Firstly, from the point of view of pseudo-range multipath and station coordinate sequence, the correlation of multipath effect for two consecutive days is analyzed, and the daily repeatability of multipath effect is proved. The adaptive filter is designed to separate the coordinate signal for two consecutive days. The related part is the multipath error. First, the validity of the adaptive filter separation signal is verified by the simulation experiment, and then the experimental results of the measured data are carried out. The effect of the designed adaptive filter in multipath error processing is analyzed. For the single signal or the input signal with poor correlation, adaptive filtering is no longer applicable. Wavelet analysis is used to extract the multipath effect, and the measurement noise and vibration signal in the original signal are analyzed by shaking table experiment. Periodic multipath effect, low frequency multipath effect and temperature comprehensive effect, etc. Taking the measured data of a tall building in Hong Kong under typhoon load as an example, the applicability and effectiveness of the above theoretical methods in dynamic deformation monitoring are analyzed. When extracting the vibration signal of tall building structure, the principal component analysis (PCA) is used to combine the synchronous observation data in the region to separate the common mode error and eliminate the residual error between the stations. Then the vibration signal of the tall building structure is extracted by wavelet analysis. The correctness of vibration signal is analyzed and extracted from frequency domain.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P228.4;TU196.1

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