本文選題：DEM + 流域　； 參考：《中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：數(shù)字地形分析技術(shù)的不斷深化為地學(xué)知識的挖掘和演化提供了良好的發(fā)展平臺(tái)。通過對流域進(jìn)行數(shù)字地形分析，可以提取流域地形地貌及水文特征，并根據(jù)不同需要來確定流域分類的關(guān)鍵因子，對亞流域進(jìn)行分類管理，有利于更詳細(xì)地了解流域地形，，并獲得對流域水系構(gòu)成的數(shù)字化表達(dá)，實(shí)現(xiàn)流域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 通過以格爾木河流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū)域，利用30m分辨率的ASTER-GDEM數(shù)據(jù)，對格爾木河流域進(jìn)行數(shù)字地形分析研究。研究取得了以下主要認(rèn)識和結(jié)論： (1)通過提取格爾木河流域的各種微觀和宏觀地貌因子，分析了流域地形地貌特征。研究表明：格爾木流域大多數(shù)地區(qū)坡度都在20°以下，地勢較為平緩的地區(qū)，坡向分布較均勻；坡度變率的數(shù)值范圍為0°～30°，整體變化趨勢和坡度十分相似。研究區(qū)主要以東昆侖山脈為界限，從南向北呈階梯狀遞減。 (2)運(yùn)用ArcGIS的水文分析工具提取了格爾木河流域在不同匯流累積量閾值下的水系河網(wǎng)，并用盒維數(shù)法計(jì)算相應(yīng)的水系分維數(shù)，得到了在一定無標(biāo)度區(qū)間范圍內(nèi)匯流累積量閾值和分維數(shù)的擬合方程，可以快速確定流域河網(wǎng)閾值及相應(yīng)水系分維數(shù)。最后根據(jù)分維數(shù)大小判斷出格爾木河流域處于地貌侵蝕發(fā)育壯年期，為流域的復(fù)雜地貌形態(tài)方面的研究提供了定量依據(jù)。 (3)劃分出三級水系亞流域盆地，并以Matlab為平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)了流域水系分維數(shù)的計(jì)算程序，利用得到的分維值探討了區(qū)域內(nèi)主要斷裂構(gòu)造的活動(dòng)性強(qiáng)弱。分析表明北側(cè)東昆中斷裂的整體活動(dòng)性差異不大，西大灘斷裂和東昆南斷裂則以昆侖山埡口附近為界，西側(cè)斷裂活動(dòng)性逐漸增強(qiáng)，東側(cè)則均由弱變強(qiáng)再變?nèi)酢?(4)利用SPSS軟件對亞流域的典型河流地貌參數(shù)進(jìn)行主成分分析，通過簡化區(qū)域地貌—水文系統(tǒng)的要素維數(shù)，剔除了相關(guān)性較大的因子，保留了亞流域的主要特征。再根據(jù)新生成的主成分依照各個(gè)樣本的相似測度算出各流域在各主成分上的得分值，最后根據(jù)各得分值間的歐式距離進(jìn)行流域系統(tǒng)聚類分析研究，從而得到相似流域，以期實(shí)現(xiàn)無資料地區(qū)的參數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移。
[Abstract]:The deepening of digital terrain analysis technology provides a good development platform for the mining and evolution of geoscience knowledge. Through the digital terrain analysis of the watershed, the topographic and hydrological characteristics of the watershed can be extracted, the key factors of watershed classification can be determined according to different needs, and the subbasin can be classified and managed, which is helpful to understand the watershed topography in more detail. The digital expression of the river system is obtained to realize the sustainable development of the river basin. By taking the Golmud River Basin as the research area and using the 30m resolution ASTER-GDEM data, the digital terrain analysis of the Golmud River Basin is carried out. The main findings and conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) by extracting various microcosmic and macroscopic geomorphological factors of Geermu River Basin, the topographic and geomorphological characteristics of the basin are analyzed. The results show that the slope is below 20 擄in most areas of Geermu Basin, and the slope direction distribution is more uniform in the gentle terrain area, and the value range of slope variation rate is 0 擄~ 30 擄, and the overall variation trend is very similar to the slope degree. The study area is mainly east Kunlun Mountains as the boundary, from south to north a ladder decline. (2) using the hydrological analysis tool of ArcGIS, the river network of Geermu river basin under different confluence accumulative threshold is extracted, and the corresponding fractal dimension of river system is calculated by box dimension method. The fitting equations of the cumulative confluence threshold and the fractal dimension in a certain scale-free range are obtained. The threshold of river network and the fractal dimension of the corresponding river system can be determined quickly. Finally, according to the fractal dimension, it is concluded that the Geermu River basin is in the mature period of geomorphological erosion, which provides a quantitative basis for the study of complex geomorphology in the basin. In this paper, the subbasin of tertiary drainage system is divided, and the program of calculating the fractal dimension of drainage system is designed on the platform of Matlab. The activity of the main fault structures in the region is discussed by using the obtained fractal dimension. The analysis shows that there is little difference in the overall activity of the Dongkunzhong fault on the north side, while the Xidatan fault and the Dongkunnan fault are bounded by the Kunlun Mountain pass. The activity of the west fault increases gradually, and the east side of the fault becomes weak again. (4) using SPSS software, the main component analysis of typical river geomorphological parameters in the subbasin is carried out. By simplifying the element dimension of the regional geomorphology and hydrological system, the correlation factors are eliminated and the main characteristics of the subbasin are preserved. According to the newly generated principal components, the score of each watershed on each principal component is calculated according to the similarity measure of each sample. Finally, according to the Euclidean distance between the obtained values, the basin system cluster analysis is carried out, and the similar watershed is obtained. In order to realize the parameter transfer in the area without data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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