本文選題：似大地水準(zhǔn)面　切入點(diǎn)：EGM2008　出處：《西安科技大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的主要作用之一，是在一定比例尺地形測(cè)圖時(shí)，用GPS測(cè)量代替三角高程測(cè)量和水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量，充分發(fā)揮GPS測(cè)量的優(yōu)勢(shì)，減少外業(yè)工作量，降低生產(chǎn)成本。目前，在區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化中，大多運(yùn)用大量重力資料、高精度GPS水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)字地形模型，而且內(nèi)業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)處理和計(jì)算過(guò)程相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，對(duì)于技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力一般的生產(chǎn)單位而言，幾乎是無(wú)法做到的，而且很多地區(qū)缺乏地面重力數(shù)據(jù)以及高精度和高分辨率的數(shù)字地形模型，因此該方法的應(yīng)用受到了一定程度的限制。此外，國(guó)內(nèi)研究區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化還存在擬合點(diǎn)選擇是否合理的問(wèn)題。 針對(duì)以上問(wèn)題，本文引入EGM2008地球重力場(chǎng)模型，詳盡分析了該模型的精度，特別是該模型在中國(guó)大陸地區(qū)的精度。然后基于VS2010平臺(tái)，使用C#語(yǔ)言編寫了運(yùn)用移去恢復(fù)法進(jìn)行區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化的高程異常計(jì)算程序。最后，通過(guò)對(duì)不同地貌的三種塊狀測(cè)區(qū)和兩種帶狀測(cè)區(qū)的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化結(jié)果的對(duì)比分析，研究了擬合點(diǎn)的選擇問(wèn)題，總結(jié)出一種簡(jiǎn)單易行的小區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化方法，得到以下結(jié)論：（1）對(duì)于塊狀測(cè)區(qū)，運(yùn)用EGM2008模型，結(jié)合10個(gè)左右的GPS水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用移去恢復(fù)法，其中擬合方法為二次曲面擬合法，便可計(jì)算出該測(cè)區(qū)高精度的高程異常。如測(cè)區(qū)地形較為平坦，擬合點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)可減少至8個(gè)，如測(cè)區(qū)地形復(fù)雜，可適當(dāng)增加擬合點(diǎn)個(gè)數(shù)，具體情況視測(cè)區(qū)面積與地形復(fù)雜程度而定。擬合點(diǎn)的選擇十分重要，應(yīng)盡量選擇周圍地形無(wú)劇烈變化的GPS水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)作為擬合點(diǎn)，，擬合點(diǎn)總體應(yīng)均勻分布于測(cè)區(qū)；（2）對(duì)于塊狀測(cè)區(qū)，基于EGM2008模型，結(jié)合GPS水準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用移去恢復(fù)法進(jìn)行區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化是可行的，滿足1∶2000及以下比例尺地形圖測(cè)圖中對(duì)于圖根控制點(diǎn)和碎部點(diǎn)的高程精度要求，可應(yīng)用于圖根控制點(diǎn)與碎部點(diǎn)的正常高測(cè)量工作；（3）對(duì)于帶狀測(cè)區(qū)，運(yùn)用此方法進(jìn)行區(qū)域似大地水準(zhǔn)面精化適用于地形較為平坦的測(cè)區(qū)，計(jì)算所得高程異常的精度，滿足1∶2000及以下比例尺地形圖測(cè)圖中對(duì)于圖根控制點(diǎn)和碎部點(diǎn)的高程精度要求，可應(yīng)用于圖根控制點(diǎn)與碎部點(diǎn)的正常高測(cè)量工作，對(duì)于地形復(fù)雜的帶狀測(cè)區(qū)，還需進(jìn)一步討論分析。
[Abstract]:One of the main functions of regional quasi-geoid refinement is to use GPS instead of trigonometric leveling and leveling when surveying topography on a certain scale, so as to give full play to the advantages of GPS surveying and reduce the workload of field work. At present, in the process of regional quasi geoid refinement, most of the gravity data, high precision GPS leveling data and digital terrain model are used, and the process of processing and calculating the internal data is very complicated. The application of this method is limited to a certain extent because it is almost impossible for a production unit with average economic strength and lacks ground gravity data and digital terrain models with high accuracy and resolution in many areas. Whether the selection of fitting points is reasonable or not exists in the study area of quasi geoid refinement in China. In view of the above problems, this paper introduces the EGM2008 earth gravity field model, and analyzes the precision of the model in detail, especially the precision of the model in the mainland of China. Then based on the VS2010 platform, Using C # language, the program of height anomaly calculation using the method of removal and recovery for regional quasi geoid refinement is written. Finally, The selection of fitting points is studied by comparing and analyzing the results of regional quasi geoid refinement from the measured data of three blocks and two zonal areas of different landforms. A simple and easy method for quasi geoid refinement in small area is summarized. The following conclusion is drawn: 1) for the block survey area, the EGM2008 model is used, combined with about 10 GPS leveling points, and the method of removing and restoring is used. The fitting method is Quadric surface fitting method, and the height anomaly with high precision in the survey area can be calculated. If the topography of the survey area is relatively flat, the number of fitting points can be reduced to 8, and the number of fitting points can be increased appropriately if the topography of the survey area is complex. The selection of fitting points is very important. The GPS leveling points with no drastic changes in the surrounding terrain should be chosen as fitting points, and the fitting points should be uniformly distributed in the survey area. Based on the EGM2008 model and GPS leveling, it is feasible to use the method of removing and restoring to refine the regional quasi geoid, which can meet the requirements of elevation accuracy of the root control points and fragments in topographic mapping of scale 1: 2000 and below. It can be applied to the normal height survey of map root control points and broken points. For the zonal survey area, this method can be used to refine the regional quasi geoid, which is suitable for the flat topographic survey area, and the accuracy of the height anomaly can be calculated. It can be applied to the normal height survey of root control points and fragments in topographic mapping of scale 1: 2000 and below, and can be applied to the zonal survey areas with complicated topography. Further discussion and analysis are needed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P223

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