基于RS與GIS的冰川變化參數(shù)信息提取研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-03-24 06:02
本文選題：傳統(tǒng)遙感解譯方法 切入點(diǎn)：面向?qū)ο笮畔⑻崛》椒?/strong> 出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】：冰川是氣候變化的指示器和儲存體，其變化是全球變化的重要指標(biāo)。隨著遙感技術(shù)的發(fā)展，借助遙感手段研究冰川的性質(zhì)和特征、監(jiān)測冰川的動態(tài)變化是冰川學(xué)研究的重要手段之一，為全球冰川動態(tài)變化研究提供了及時、準(zhǔn)確、廉價的數(shù)據(jù)源。 本論文的研究內(nèi)容主要分為三個部分：應(yīng)用遙感影像提取冰川信息的傳統(tǒng)方法和面向?qū)ο蟮男畔⑻崛》椒ū容^；在天山臺蘭河流域探討面向?qū)ο笮畔⑻崛》椒ㄔ诒ㄗ詣踊崛”娣e信息的優(yōu)勢；應(yīng)用地形圖DEM和SRTM4求取冰川區(qū)的相對厚度變化。受數(shù)據(jù)限制，研究選取了我國大陸型冰川分布的三個典型冰川區(qū)：阿爾泰山喀納斯河源區(qū)，天山臺蘭河流域，祁連山黑河葫蘆溝小流域地區(qū)。在阿爾泰山喀納斯河源區(qū)綜合目視解譯以及計算機(jī)自動解譯的方法，將冰川解譯的傳統(tǒng)方法及面向?qū)ο髨D像特征提取方法應(yīng)用于冰川邊界提取中，比較各種方法的優(yōu)劣；冰儲量是表征冰川水資源變化狀況的最直接參數(shù)，冰儲量估算的最核心問題是冰川厚度的測量，對黑河葫蘆溝小流域近40年來的厚度退縮進(jìn)行計算，估算黑河流域冰川變化情況。 本論文的主要研究成果如下： （1）通過將傳統(tǒng)遙感解譯的方法以及面向?qū)ο蟮慕庾g方法應(yīng)用到喀納斯河源區(qū)，，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：目視解譯精度較高，雖然耗時耗力，但適用于任何類型的冰川解譯。傳統(tǒng)計算機(jī)自動解譯方法各有優(yōu)缺，閾值法操作簡單，但是區(qū)分效果不明顯；雪蓋指數(shù)法比直接用閾值法要精確些，結(jié)果也不盡人意；非監(jiān)督分類方法精度較低；監(jiān)督分類方法準(zhǔn)確度明顯高于非監(jiān)督分類，但是部分積雪和巖石還是容易被錯分；波段比值法操作相對簡單，精度較高。決策樹自動生成研究避免了人工生成決策樹時的主觀性，該方法無法識別樣點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)中的誤差，有明顯的錯分；面向?qū)ο蟮奶崛》椒芨玫奶崛「鞣N具有特征類型的地物，應(yīng)用于冰川的提取具有較高精度。 （2）選取天山臺蘭河流域這一典型冰川區(qū)應(yīng)用面向?qū)ο蟮姆椒ㄟM(jìn)行冰川的自動化提取。得到：2011年，通過面向?qū)ο笥跋窠庾g得到臺蘭河流域共發(fā)育現(xiàn)代冰川109條，冰川總面積385.38km~2，冰川平均面積為3.54km~2。近40年來臺蘭河流域冰川總面積共退縮50.06km~2，平均每年退縮0.94km~2，冰川平均面積減小0.31km~2，表明該地區(qū)冰川處于強(qiáng)烈退縮狀態(tài)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)面向?qū)ο蟮奶崛》椒芨咝崛”�，且能有效抑制云和雪的干擾，在自動解譯冰川方面有良好的應(yīng)用前景。 （3）多源DEM數(shù)據(jù)的出現(xiàn)，使獲得冰川厚度變化成為可能。利用地形圖DEM、SRTM-DEM數(shù)據(jù)研究冰川厚度變化，從二維轉(zhuǎn)向三維更為精確的研究冰川變化。對黑河葫蘆溝小流域1956-2000年冰川相對厚度變化進(jìn)行計算發(fā)現(xiàn)冰川厚度平均減薄1.5m，最大減薄15m，最大積累3m。
[Abstract]:Glaciers are indicators and reservoirs of climate change and their changes are important indicators of global change. With the development of remote sensing technology, the nature and characteristics of glaciers are studied by means of remote sensing, Monitoring the dynamic changes of glaciers is one of the important means of glaciology research, which provides a timely, accurate and cheap data source for the study of global glacier dynamic change. The research content of this paper is divided into three parts: comparing the traditional method of extracting glacier information from remote sensing image with the method of object oriented information extraction; This paper discusses the advantages of object-oriented information extraction method in automatic extraction of glacier area information in Tianshan Tailan River Basin, and uses topographic map DEM and SRTM4 to calculate the relative thickness variation of glacier area, which is limited by data. Three typical glacial regions of continental glacier distribution in China are selected: the Kanas River Source area in Altai Mountain, the Tailan River Basin in Tianshan Mountain, and the Tailan River Basin in Tianshan Mountain. Hulugou small Watershed area of the Heihe River, Qilian Mountains. Comprehensive visual interpretation and computer automatic interpretation in Kanas River source area, Altai Mountain, The traditional glacier interpretation method and object oriented image feature extraction method are applied to the glacier boundary extraction to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and ice reserves are the most direct parameters to represent the change of glacier water resources. The core problem of ice reserve estimation is the measurement of glacier thickness. The thickness retreat in Hulu Valley of Heihe River in recent 40 years is calculated to estimate the glacier variation in Heihe River Basin. The main research results of this thesis are as follows:. 1) by applying the traditional remote sensing interpretation method and the object-oriented interpretation method to the Kanas River source area, it is found that the visual interpretation accuracy is high, although it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. But it is suitable for any type of glacier interpretation. The traditional computer automatic interpretation method has its own advantages and disadvantages, the threshold method is simple, but the discrimination effect is not obvious, the snow cover index method is more accurate than the direct threshold method, and the result is not satisfactory. The accuracy of the supervised classification method is obviously higher than that of the unsupervised classification method, but some snow and rock are still easily misclassified, and the band ratio method is relatively simple. The research of automatic generation of decision tree avoids the subjectivity of artificial generation of decision tree, and the method can not identify the error in the sample data, and there are obvious errors. Object-Oriented extraction method can better extract all kinds of feature objects, and it has high accuracy in glacier extraction. 2) selecting the typical glacial region of Tianshan Tailan River Basin to carry out automatic glacier extraction by using object-oriented method. The following conclusions are obtained: in 2011, 109 modern glaciers have been developed in the Tailan River Basin by object oriented image interpretation. The total glacial area is 385.38 km2, and the average glacier area is 3.54 km2. In the last 40 years, the total glacial area in Tailan River basin has receded by 50.06 km / 2, averagely receding 0.94 km2 / year, and the average glacial area has decreased by 0.31 kmm2, indicating that the glacier in this area is in a state of intense retreat. The method of object extraction can extract glaciers efficiently. It can effectively suppress the interference of cloud and snow, and has a good application prospect in the automatic interpretation of glaciers. 3) the appearance of multi-source DEM data makes it possible to obtain glacier thickness variation. The relative thickness of glacier in Hulugou small watershed of Heihe River was calculated from 1956 to 2000. The results show that the average thickness of glacier is 1.5 m, the maximum thickness is 15 m, and the maximum accumulation is 3 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P343.6;P208;P237
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