本文選題：地心坐標(biāo)框架　切入點(diǎn)：板塊運(yùn)動　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：地球參考框架(TRF)是地球參考系統(tǒng)(TRS)的實(shí)現(xiàn),是全球地心坐標(biāo)系建立的基礎(chǔ),其動態(tài)過程能反映全球變化信息,諸如地球板塊運(yùn)動、海平面變化,地下水位變化等。研究地球參考框架的建立與維持對經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會發(fā)展具有重要的科學(xué)與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文綜述了坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的定義及實(shí)現(xiàn)理論基礎(chǔ),分析了影響坐標(biāo)參考框架實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要因素,研究了中國大陸板塊運(yùn)動特征,獲得了國家GNSS連續(xù)運(yùn)行基準(zhǔn)站水平速度場和垂直速度場,并開展了GNSS基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)時間序列分析研究。論文的主要工作和貢獻(xiàn)為： 1)系統(tǒng)地綜述了坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)的定義與實(shí)現(xiàn)的理論基礎(chǔ),并分析了影響坐標(biāo)框架實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要因素。 論文介紹了國際地球參考系統(tǒng)(ITRS)建立的方法,概述了國際地球參考框架(ITRF)的發(fā)展歷程,重點(diǎn)討論了區(qū)域參考框架EUREF及SNARF的實(shí)現(xiàn)及發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,在此基礎(chǔ)上,分析了影響坐標(biāo)框架實(shí)現(xiàn)的主要因素等。 2)采用歐拉模型、GPS實(shí)測速度及擬合模型確定了中國大陸地殼運(yùn)動速度場,并研究了中國大陸應(yīng)變場。 論文概述了國際上較為成熟的四種板塊運(yùn)動模型,并通過歐拉模型、GNSS實(shí)測速度場和擬合模型獲得了中國大陸地殼運(yùn)動速度場。在此基礎(chǔ)上對中國大陸應(yīng)變場進(jìn)行了研究,分析NUVEL-1A模型在中國應(yīng)用中的問題,研究并比較了相似變換方法及歐拉矢量方法求解GNSS基準(zhǔn)站的運(yùn)動速度一致性,結(jié)果表明都能很好的反映中國大陸地殼運(yùn)動特征。 3)通過分析中國國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站以及GNSS大地控制網(wǎng),獲取了中國34個國家基準(zhǔn)站、1630個GPS控制點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)與速度場成果及基準(zhǔn)站時間序列。 論文介紹了我國自上世紀(jì)八十年代開始建立的各類全國范圍的GPS網(wǎng)情況,以及與ITRF框架的關(guān)系。對目前國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)網(wǎng)11年的連續(xù)觀測數(shù)據(jù),以及GNSS大地控制點(diǎn)多期的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了全面處理,詳細(xì)闡述了數(shù)據(jù)源、基準(zhǔn)站選取、數(shù)據(jù)處理策略、整體平差的方法與精度統(tǒng)計(jì),獲得了目前國內(nèi)34個國家基準(zhǔn)站、1630個GNSS大地控制點(diǎn)完整的成果,包括坐標(biāo)、速度場、基準(zhǔn)站時間序列等。 4)研究了國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站周解時間序列的線性及周期特性,分析了我國地心坐標(biāo)參考框架的穩(wěn)定性,為中國地心坐標(biāo)參考框架的維持提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。 論文通過對多年累積的國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站網(wǎng)整體解的坐標(biāo)及速度精度進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,討論了長期和短期框架的穩(wěn)定性、實(shí)時性和動態(tài)性,給出了我國地心坐標(biāo)參考框架精確性的量化指標(biāo),揭示了中國區(qū)域坐標(biāo)參考框架的實(shí)時性和動態(tài)性。并通過對國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站周解時間序列的分析獲得了基準(zhǔn)站的線性及非線性運(yùn)動特征,結(jié)果表明：基準(zhǔn)站水平分量時間序列的總體變化趨勢基本上為線性變化,各點(diǎn)變化的大小和方向與板塊運(yùn)動、板內(nèi)運(yùn)動相關(guān)；高程方向的運(yùn)動呈現(xiàn)近似于正弦函數(shù)的結(jié)果,周期約為1年,且高程方向周期性運(yùn)動的能量在三個方向周期性運(yùn)動總能量中占有很大的比重,是影響高程精度的主要因素之一。 5)利用主成分空間濾波算法(PCA)分析了國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站網(wǎng)坐標(biāo)時間序列中公共誤差的時空特性,有效地減少了大尺度因素對CORS站坐標(biāo)時間序列的周期性影響。 論文采用主成分空間濾波算法(PCA)去除了中國國家CORS網(wǎng)的公共誤差,有效降低了大尺度因素對CORS站坐標(biāo)時間序列的周期性影響,提高了中國GNSS基準(zhǔn)站本地信號的信噪比。結(jié)果表明：通過濾波后,北、東和高方向的平均均方差相對于濾波前分別減小了26%、22%和36%。 6)采用功率譜和極大似然估計(jì)方法分析了國家CORS基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)時間序列的噪聲特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)白噪聲、閃爍噪聲和隨機(jī)游走噪聲是基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)時間序列的基本噪聲特征。 論文利用功率譜和極大似然估計(jì)方法比較分析了主成分空間濾波前后國家GNSS基準(zhǔn)站近10年坐標(biāo)時間序列的噪聲特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)濾波后的國家CORS站在水平和高度分量上均表現(xiàn)出不同的噪聲性質(zhì),白噪聲、閃爍噪聲和隨機(jī)游走噪聲是國家CORS基準(zhǔn)站坐標(biāo)時間序列的噪聲基本特征,且結(jié)果顯示高程分量的有色噪聲估值明顯大于水平分量。同時,分析了產(chǎn)生有色噪聲的可能主要來源,認(rèn)為高階電離層誤差足CORS站有色噪聲的主要來源,并根據(jù)不同噪聲模型得到了基準(zhǔn)站速度及精度,結(jié)果表明顧及有色噪聲的速度誤差估值比只考慮白噪聲的速度誤差估值一般大2～4倍,兩種噪聲模型的速度估值偏差一般在5%～10%左右。因此認(rèn)為可變白噪聲加有色噪聲模型更加符合中國國家基準(zhǔn)站實(shí)際運(yùn)動特征。
[Abstract]:The earth reference frame ( trf ) is the realization of the earth reference system ( TRS ) , which is the foundation of the global geocentric coordinate system . Its dynamic process can reflect the global change information , such as the movement of the earth plate , the change of sea level , the change of the underground water level , etc . It is of great scientific and practical significance to study the establishment and maintenance of the earth reference frame for the economic and social development . In this paper , the definition of coordinate system and its realization theory are summarized , the main factors influencing the realization of coordinate reference frame are analyzed , the horizontal velocity field and vertical velocity field of China continental plate are studied , and the coordinate time series analysis of GNSS reference stations is carried out . 1 ) The definition and realization of coordinate system are systematically reviewed , and the main factors influencing the realization of coordinate frame are analyzed . This paper introduces the method of international earth reference system ( ITRS ) , summarizes the development course of ITRF , discusses the realization and development of EUREF and SNARF in regional reference frame , and analyses the main factors influencing the realization of the coordinate frame . 2 ) The velocity field of crustal movement in China was determined by means of Euler model , measured velocity of GPS and fitting model , and the strain field in China was studied . In this paper , four kinds of plate motion models which are more mature in the world are summarized , and the crustal movement velocity field in China is obtained by means of the Euler model , the measured velocity field of GNSS and the fitting model . Based on this , the problems in China ' s continental strain field are studied , and the similarity transformation method and Euler vector method are compared to solve the motion velocity consistency of the GNSS reference station . The results show that the crustal movement characteristics of the Chinese mainland can be well reflected . 3 ) By analyzing the Chinese national GNSS reference station and the GNSS geodetic control network , the coordinates and velocity field results of 34 national reference stations and 1630 GPS control points in China are obtained , and the time series of the reference stations is obtained . This paper introduces a wide range of GPS network in China since 1980s , and its relationship with ITRF framework . The continuous observation data of the current national GNSS reference network and the data of multi - period GNSS geodetic control point are comprehensively processed . The method and precision statistics of data source , reference station selection , data processing strategy and integral adjustment are described in detail . The results of the present 34 national reference stations and 1630 GNSS geodetic control points are obtained , including coordinate , velocity field , reference station time series , etc . 4 ) The linear and periodic characteristics of the Zhou solution time series of the national GNSS reference station are studied , the stability of the reference frame of the geocentric coordinate of our country is analyzed , and the theoretical basis and practical significance are provided for the maintenance of the reference frame of the geocentric coordinate of China . The paper discusses the stability , real - time and dynamic characteristics of the long - term and short - term frames by statistical analysis of the coordinates and velocity accuracy of the integral solution of the national GNSS reference station . The linear and non - linear motion characteristics of the reference frame in China are presented . The results show that the general trend of the horizontal component time series of the reference station is basically linear . The motion of the elevation direction is similar to the result of the sinusoidal function , the period is about 1 year , and the periodic motion of the elevation direction occupies a large proportion in the total energy of the periodic motion of the three directions , which is one of the main factors affecting the elevation precision . 5 ) The space - time characteristic of common error in the coordinate time series of the national GNSS reference station is analyzed by using principal component spatial filtering algorithm ( PCA ) , and the periodic influence of large scale factor on the coordinate time series of CORS station is effectively reduced . The main component spatial filtering algorithm ( PCA ) is used to reduce the public error of the CORS network in China , which effectively reduces the periodical influence of large scale factor on the coordinate time series of CORS station , and improves the signal - to - noise ratio of the local signal of the GNSS reference station . The results show that the mean square deviation of the north , the east and the high direction is reduced by 26 % , 22 % and 36 % respectively before filtering . 6 ) Using the power spectrum and the maximum likelihood estimation method , the noise characteristics of the coordinate time series of the CORS reference station are analyzed . It is found that white noise , flicker noise and random walk noise are the basic noise characteristics of the reference station coordinate time series . Based on the power spectrum and the maximum likelihood estimation method , the noise characteristics of the near 10 - year coordinate time series of the national GNSS reference stations are compared and analyzed . It is found that the filtered national CORS stations exhibit different noise characteristics on the horizontal and high components . The results show that the color noise estimate of the high - order ionospheric errors is larger than the horizontal component . The results show that the estimation of the velocity error of the high - order ionospheric errors is generally 2 - 4 times larger than that of the white noise , and the speed estimation deviation of the two kinds of noise models is usually about 5 % -10 % . Therefore , it is considered that the variable white noise plus the colored noise model is more consistent with the actual motion characteristics of the national reference station .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

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本文編號：1654561