基于同步相量測量的高壓輸電線路故障定位方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-18 16:06
【摘要】：在高壓輸電線路故障測距算法中,輸電線路的參數(shù)通常被當作已知量參與計算。然而實際的線路參數(shù)會隨著環(huán)境變化,在線路實際運行中,其實際的線路參數(shù)與系統(tǒng)的運行條件也有很大關系,存在著較大的不確定性。由于電力系統(tǒng)本身是一個相當復雜的動態(tài)系統(tǒng),當系統(tǒng)中出現(xiàn)擾動、故障等情況時,會不可避免地發(fā)生各種復雜多變的動態(tài)過程,而這些因素均會影響到線路的實際參數(shù)。近年來,廣域測量系統(tǒng)WAMS得到了大力發(fā)展,其強大的全局測量性、同步性以及高精度的測量等特點均為線路參數(shù)的在線估計提供了有利條件。 針對上述問題,本論文研究了動態(tài)條件下基于線路參數(shù)在線計算的輸電線路故障定位方法。首先分析動態(tài)條件下線路參數(shù)在線估計值的分布規(guī)律,得到在線估計值；再基于前期的研究基礎,考慮了信號動態(tài)特性對線路參數(shù)的影響,將在線估計值作為線路參數(shù)修正過程的基準,進而將在線參數(shù)估計與前期的參數(shù)實時修正思想有效地結合起來,實現(xiàn)了對前期動態(tài)故障定位思想研究體系的有效完善和改進。 在已有的電網(wǎng)布局格式下,柔性交流輸電系統(tǒng)FACTS技術作為提高輸電系統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟性和可靠性的有效手段,在國內(nèi)高壓遠距離輸電網(wǎng)中被廣泛采用,同時隨著智能電網(wǎng)建設的全面推進,在未來的電網(wǎng)建設中將有更廣闊的應用前景。在輸電線路中加入FACTS裝置后,由于其能夠快速靈活地調控網(wǎng)絡參數(shù)和線路運行參數(shù),因此能夠優(yōu)化系統(tǒng)的潮流分布,提高線路的輸送能力,改善系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,改善電壓質量及無功功率平衡,減少系統(tǒng)的線路損耗等。然而也給輸電線路的保護和故障定位帶來了新的問題：FACTS裝置破壞了輸電線路參數(shù)的均勻性,從而使得線路參數(shù)變得不連續(xù)；同時隨著FACTS裝置的結構和功能日益復雜,從而導致其運行狀態(tài)靈活多變、難以確定,從而增加了保護和定位的難度。 針對上述問題,本論文研究了基于雙端PMU的含F(xiàn)ACTS補償裝置的輸電線路雙端故障測距算法。首先借助電力系統(tǒng)電磁暫態(tài)仿真軟件PSCAD/EMTDC分別建立了含各類串聯(lián)和并聯(lián)補償裝置的輸電線路仿真模型,為后續(xù)研究奠定仿真基礎；分別分析了含串聯(lián)補償裝置和并聯(lián)補償裝置輸電線路的特點,并總結已有研究方法,基于分布參數(shù)線路模型以及雙端同步相量估計值,建立起故障定位方程,利用簡單的變步長-維搜索方法準確求解定位方程。PSCAD/EMTDC仿真表明新方法具有更高的測距精度,且不受補償裝置模型類型及運行狀態(tài)影響,并且適用于各種類型故障、各種故障位置與不同的過渡電阻情況。
[Abstract]:In HV transmission line fault location algorithm, transmission line parameters are usually calculated as known quantities. However, the actual line parameters will change with the environment, in the actual operation of the line, the actual line parameters and the operating conditions of the system also have a great deal of relationship, there is a great deal of uncertainty. Because the power system itself is a very complex dynamic system, when the disturbance and fault occur in the system, all kinds of complex dynamic processes will inevitably occur, and these factors will affect the actual parameters of the line. In recent years, wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been greatly developed. Its strong global measurement, synchronization and high precision measurement provide favorable conditions for on-line parameter estimation. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the method of transmission line fault location based on on-line calculation of line parameters under dynamic conditions. Firstly, the distribution law of the on-line estimation value of line parameters under dynamic condition is analyzed, and the on-line estimation value is obtained. On the basis of the previous research, the influence of signal dynamic characteristics on line parameters is considered, and the on-line estimation value is used as the benchmark of the line parameter correction process. Furthermore, the on-line parameter estimation is effectively combined with the idea of real-time correction of the pre-stage parameters, and the effective improvement and improvement of the pre-stage dynamic fault location research system are realized. In the existing grid layout format, the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technology, as an effective means to improve the economy and reliability of the transmission system, is widely used in the domestic high-voltage long-distance transmission network. At the same time, with the overall development of smart grid construction, there will be a wider application prospect in the future power grid construction. After adding the FACTS device to the transmission line, it can adjust and control the network parameters and the line operation parameters quickly and flexibly, so it can optimize the power flow distribution of the system, improve the transmission capacity of the transmission line, and improve the stability of the system. Improve voltage quality and reactive power balance, reduce system line loss and so on. However, it also brings new problems to transmission line protection and fault location: FACTS device destroys the uniformity of transmission line parameters, which makes the line parameters become discontinuous; At the same time, with the increasing complexity of the structure and function of the FACTS device, the operation state of the device is flexible and changeable, and it is difficult to determine, thus increasing the difficulty of protection and positioning. In order to solve the above problems, a dual terminal fault location algorithm for transmission line with FACTS compensation device based on dual terminal PMU is studied in this paper. Firstly, with the help of the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC of power system, the simulation model of transmission line with various series and parallel compensation devices is established, which lays a foundation for further research. The characteristics of transmission lines with series compensation device and parallel compensation device are analyzed, and the existing research methods are summarized. Based on the distributed parameter line model and the estimation value of two-terminal synchronous phasor, the fault location equation is established. A simple variable step-dimensional search method is used to accurately solve the location equation. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation shows that the new method has higher ranging accuracy and is not affected by the model type and running state of the compensator, and is suitable for various types of faults. Various fault locations and different transition resistance conditions.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM855
本文編號：2340491
[Abstract]:In HV transmission line fault location algorithm, transmission line parameters are usually calculated as known quantities. However, the actual line parameters will change with the environment, in the actual operation of the line, the actual line parameters and the operating conditions of the system also have a great deal of relationship, there is a great deal of uncertainty. Because the power system itself is a very complex dynamic system, when the disturbance and fault occur in the system, all kinds of complex dynamic processes will inevitably occur, and these factors will affect the actual parameters of the line. In recent years, wide area measurement system (WAMS) has been greatly developed. Its strong global measurement, synchronization and high precision measurement provide favorable conditions for on-line parameter estimation. In order to solve the above problems, this paper studies the method of transmission line fault location based on on-line calculation of line parameters under dynamic conditions. Firstly, the distribution law of the on-line estimation value of line parameters under dynamic condition is analyzed, and the on-line estimation value is obtained. On the basis of the previous research, the influence of signal dynamic characteristics on line parameters is considered, and the on-line estimation value is used as the benchmark of the line parameter correction process. Furthermore, the on-line parameter estimation is effectively combined with the idea of real-time correction of the pre-stage parameters, and the effective improvement and improvement of the pre-stage dynamic fault location research system are realized. In the existing grid layout format, the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) technology, as an effective means to improve the economy and reliability of the transmission system, is widely used in the domestic high-voltage long-distance transmission network. At the same time, with the overall development of smart grid construction, there will be a wider application prospect in the future power grid construction. After adding the FACTS device to the transmission line, it can adjust and control the network parameters and the line operation parameters quickly and flexibly, so it can optimize the power flow distribution of the system, improve the transmission capacity of the transmission line, and improve the stability of the system. Improve voltage quality and reactive power balance, reduce system line loss and so on. However, it also brings new problems to transmission line protection and fault location: FACTS device destroys the uniformity of transmission line parameters, which makes the line parameters become discontinuous; At the same time, with the increasing complexity of the structure and function of the FACTS device, the operation state of the device is flexible and changeable, and it is difficult to determine, thus increasing the difficulty of protection and positioning. In order to solve the above problems, a dual terminal fault location algorithm for transmission line with FACTS compensation device based on dual terminal PMU is studied in this paper. Firstly, with the help of the electromagnetic transient simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC of power system, the simulation model of transmission line with various series and parallel compensation devices is established, which lays a foundation for further research. The characteristics of transmission lines with series compensation device and parallel compensation device are analyzed, and the existing research methods are summarized. Based on the distributed parameter line model and the estimation value of two-terminal synchronous phasor, the fault location equation is established. A simple variable step-dimensional search method is used to accurately solve the location equation. PSCAD/EMTDC simulation shows that the new method has higher ranging accuracy and is not affected by the model type and running state of the compensator, and is suitable for various types of faults. Various fault locations and different transition resistance conditions.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM855
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