火電廠DCS控制系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化研究與應(yīng)用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-20 07:30
【摘要】：隨著科技的快速發(fā)展和環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)、可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略思想的增強(qiáng),未來發(fā)展要求我們?cè)谟邢薜哪茉粗邪l(fā)揮最大的能量。大型燃煤火電廠是我國(guó)的重要的能源行業(yè)和支柱產(chǎn)業(yè),能源消耗方面具有重要地位。工業(yè)常規(guī)控制方案采用PID線性控制算法的反饋控制回路,但PID控制是簡(jiǎn)單的一自由度控制器,在要求系統(tǒng)同時(shí)具有快速設(shè)定值響應(yīng)能力和對(duì)干擾的抑制能力兩方面的情況下控制并不理想。DCS(Distributed Control System)集散式分布控制系統(tǒng),目前因?yàn)榭刂品秶鷱V泛集中監(jiān)控管理等優(yōu)點(diǎn)被我國(guó)大多數(shù)火電廠所應(yīng)用,本文結(jié)合DCS系統(tǒng)對(duì)PID控制器進(jìn)行組態(tài)改進(jìn)使輸出更優(yōu)控制過程。首先對(duì)火電廠鍋爐發(fā)電過程及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)機(jī)組工作流程做簡(jiǎn)單解說,明確了控制過程的目的及要求。將鍋爐控制系統(tǒng)主要工藝流程分為四大部分做以說明:汽包水位控制,最佳燃空比控制,鍋爐蒸汽壓力恒定控制,爐膛負(fù)壓恒定控制。其次考慮各部分控制系統(tǒng)間的相互影響,對(duì)實(shí)際控制對(duì)象建模并設(shè)計(jì)選擇不同的控制回路:(1)控制燃料量和空氣量的配比來提高燃燒效率,使控制過程中不出現(xiàn)缺氧或過氧燃燒造成能源浪費(fèi)。(2)蒸汽壓力控制采用內(nèi)外串級(jí)控制系統(tǒng),在易受到燃料量突變時(shí)可使蒸汽壓力快速穩(wěn)定恢復(fù)恒定值。(3)爐膛負(fù)壓恒定系統(tǒng)通過鍋爐內(nèi)引風(fēng)機(jī)和送風(fēng)機(jī)的共同協(xié)調(diào)控制,系統(tǒng)引風(fēng)機(jī)為主控制回路送風(fēng)機(jī)作為誤差干擾信號(hào),設(shè)計(jì)二自由度PID控制器削減干擾信號(hào)影響從而提高控制精度。通過使用Simulink仿真對(duì)以上三種不同控制系統(tǒng)中2-DOF-PID控制器參數(shù)整定,對(duì)比傳統(tǒng)PID控制輸出圖可以得知二自由度PID控制器可以同時(shí)滿足輸出設(shè)定值特性和抗干擾特性兩個(gè)方面。最后對(duì)實(shí)際DCS火電控制組態(tài)二自由度控制器提高系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和抗干擾性,采集數(shù)據(jù)繪制的趨勢(shì)表明二自由度PID控制器對(duì)目前工業(yè)控制過程有改進(jìn)。本文重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)在不同控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)合實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)二自由度PID控制器并總結(jié)參數(shù)整定過程及方法,使系統(tǒng)在快速穩(wěn)定的控制基礎(chǔ)上更具有強(qiáng)的抗干擾性。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用性強(qiáng),成本低控制精度高,增強(qiáng)了系統(tǒng)的魯棒性能,在DCS工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域具有良好的發(fā)展前進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and the awareness of environmental protection and the enhancement of the strategic thought of sustainable development, the future development requires us to exert the maximum energy in the limited energy resources. Large-scale coal-fired thermal power plant is an important energy industry and pillar industry in China, and energy consumption plays an important role. The conventional industrial control scheme adopts the feedback control loop of PID linear control algorithm, but the PID control is a simple one degree of freedom controller. Under the condition that the system is required to have both the ability of fast response and the ability to suppress interference, it is not ideal to control the distributed. DCS (Distributed Control System) distributed control system. At present, most thermal power plants in our country have applied the advantages of extensive centralized monitoring and management in the control range. This paper combines the DCS system to improve the configuration of the PID controller to make the output more optimal control process. Firstly, the paper gives a brief explanation of the power generation process and the work flow of the field unit in the thermal power plant, and clarifies the purpose and requirements of the control process. The main process flow of boiler control system is divided into four parts: drum water level control, optimal ratio of fuel to air control, boiler steam pressure constant control, furnace negative pressure constant control. Secondly, considering the mutual influence of each part of the control system, the actual control object is modeled and different control loops are designed and selected: (1) to improve combustion efficiency by controlling the ratio of fuel quantity and air quantity; During the control process, there is no oxygen or superoxide combustion resulting in energy waste. (2) the internal and external cascade control system is used for steam pressure control, and the internal and external cascade control system is used to control the steam pressure. The steam pressure can be quickly and stably restored to a constant value when the fuel quantity changes easily. (3) the furnace negative pressure constant system is controlled by the co-coordinated control of the induced fan and the supply fan in the boiler, and the main control loop fan of the system is used as the error disturbance signal. A two-degree of freedom PID controller is designed to reduce the influence of interference signal and improve the control accuracy. By using Simulink simulation to adjust the parameters of the 2-DOF-PID controller in the three different control systems mentioned above, compared with the traditional PID control output diagram, it can be known that the two-degree-of-freedom PID controller can satisfy both the output set value characteristic and the anti-interference characteristic simultaneously. Finally, the system stability and anti-interference are improved for the actual DCS thermal power control configuration two-degree-of-freedom controller. The trend of data acquisition shows that the two-degree-of-freedom PID controller has improved the current industrial control process. In this paper, a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller is designed based on different control systems and practical experience, and the process and method of parameter setting are summarized, so that the system has stronger anti-interference on the basis of fast and stable control. The structure is simple and practical, the cost is low, the control precision is high, the robust performance of the system is enhanced, and the system has a good development in the field of DCS industrial control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP273;TM621
本文編號(hào)：2282471
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of science and technology and the awareness of environmental protection and the enhancement of the strategic thought of sustainable development, the future development requires us to exert the maximum energy in the limited energy resources. Large-scale coal-fired thermal power plant is an important energy industry and pillar industry in China, and energy consumption plays an important role. The conventional industrial control scheme adopts the feedback control loop of PID linear control algorithm, but the PID control is a simple one degree of freedom controller. Under the condition that the system is required to have both the ability of fast response and the ability to suppress interference, it is not ideal to control the distributed. DCS (Distributed Control System) distributed control system. At present, most thermal power plants in our country have applied the advantages of extensive centralized monitoring and management in the control range. This paper combines the DCS system to improve the configuration of the PID controller to make the output more optimal control process. Firstly, the paper gives a brief explanation of the power generation process and the work flow of the field unit in the thermal power plant, and clarifies the purpose and requirements of the control process. The main process flow of boiler control system is divided into four parts: drum water level control, optimal ratio of fuel to air control, boiler steam pressure constant control, furnace negative pressure constant control. Secondly, considering the mutual influence of each part of the control system, the actual control object is modeled and different control loops are designed and selected: (1) to improve combustion efficiency by controlling the ratio of fuel quantity and air quantity; During the control process, there is no oxygen or superoxide combustion resulting in energy waste. (2) the internal and external cascade control system is used for steam pressure control, and the internal and external cascade control system is used to control the steam pressure. The steam pressure can be quickly and stably restored to a constant value when the fuel quantity changes easily. (3) the furnace negative pressure constant system is controlled by the co-coordinated control of the induced fan and the supply fan in the boiler, and the main control loop fan of the system is used as the error disturbance signal. A two-degree of freedom PID controller is designed to reduce the influence of interference signal and improve the control accuracy. By using Simulink simulation to adjust the parameters of the 2-DOF-PID controller in the three different control systems mentioned above, compared with the traditional PID control output diagram, it can be known that the two-degree-of-freedom PID controller can satisfy both the output set value characteristic and the anti-interference characteristic simultaneously. Finally, the system stability and anti-interference are improved for the actual DCS thermal power control configuration two-degree-of-freedom controller. The trend of data acquisition shows that the two-degree-of-freedom PID controller has improved the current industrial control process. In this paper, a two-degree-of-freedom PID controller is designed based on different control systems and practical experience, and the process and method of parameter setting are summarized, so that the system has stronger anti-interference on the basis of fast and stable control. The structure is simple and practical, the cost is low, the control precision is high, the robust performance of the system is enhanced, and the system has a good development in the field of DCS industrial control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP273;TM621
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 陳永會(huì);譚功全;譚飛;傅成華;;一階時(shí)滯過程二自由度PID控制器優(yōu)化法[J];昆明理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2011年04期
2 楊延西;劉丁;;基于模糊遺傳算法的二自由度PID控制器優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J];儀器儀表學(xué)報(bào);2006年08期
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