緊湊型高效高壓感應(yīng)電機起動過程電磁熱耦合研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-06 07:28
【摘要】：隨著電機領(lǐng)域相關(guān)技術(shù)的提高，高效高功率密度電機成為發(fā)展趨勢。YJKK系列緊湊型高壓電機是我國電機行業(yè)的新生產(chǎn)品，比原YKK系列電機中心高平均降低兩個等級，體積的減小使表面散熱面積減小，同時功率密度和電壓等級的增加，使得人們對其起動特性及溫升情況尤為關(guān)心。電機負載起動時，起動時間長，起動電流會使繞組溫度迅速升高，較大負載可能導(dǎo)致電機不能正常起動。而起動過程定、轉(zhuǎn)子阻抗及起動電流是判斷繞組溫升的重要依據(jù)；起動特性(電流-轉(zhuǎn)速、轉(zhuǎn)矩-轉(zhuǎn)速)是衡量感應(yīng)電機起動運行性能、判斷電機能否正常起動的重要指標(biāo)；用戶需要根據(jù)電機起動阻抗及起動特性來選擇合理的起動設(shè)備，減少起動過程故障的發(fā)生。 對于高壓電機，試驗方法測取起動過程動態(tài)參數(shù)及起動特性不易實現(xiàn)，需要一種切實可行的方法進行仿真計算。本文根據(jù)國內(nèi)外對感應(yīng)電機起動特性、阻抗及溫升的研究現(xiàn)狀，分析總結(jié)目前計算方法中的優(yōu)缺點，深入研究電機起動過程電、磁、熱之間的關(guān)系，提出電機動態(tài)參數(shù)、起動特性及動態(tài)溫升的計算方法。 本文對起動過程電機內(nèi)的飽和效應(yīng)和集膚效應(yīng)進行研究。根據(jù)動態(tài)過程電機內(nèi)磁通的分布情況，采用磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)法對電機內(nèi)飽和漏磁通進行計算。緊湊型高壓電機，少極數(shù)時定子軛部較長，且磁通密度較高，軛部飽和嚴(yán)重；另外，，為改善磁密分布，緊湊型高壓電機常采用磁性槽楔。因此，建立磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型時，需要考慮電機軛部飽和及磁性槽楔的影響。為提高計算的準(zhǔn)確性，建立了電機齒槽相對和齒齒相對兩種位置下的磁網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，根據(jù)磁路的定律對漏磁通進行計算。建立了分層法模型模擬集膚效應(yīng)，對槽高進行離散，給出了集膚系數(shù)的計算方法。 電機起動屬于瞬態(tài)過程，需要用動態(tài)理論來分析電機起動特性。為減少計算量，根據(jù)坐標(biāo)變換和矢量變換的理論推導(dǎo)出感應(yīng)電機在兩相坐標(biāo)系下的狀態(tài)方程。結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)動系的運動方程，給出了起動電流、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩、起動時間的計算方法，公式簡單、計算方便、可節(jié)省計算時間。 建立并求解電機風(fēng)阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，得到電機內(nèi)部冷卻氣體流量的分布，結(jié)合電機動態(tài)特性曲線對電機發(fā)熱和散熱進行計算，得到起動過程電機繞組平均溫升的變化曲線。根據(jù)繞組溫升限值對電機起動過程發(fā)生堵轉(zhuǎn)時的安全運行時間進行計算，分析了不同負載對電機溫升的影響。 考慮起動過程電機阻抗、電流及溫升之間的相互影響關(guān)系，對其進行耦合計算，提高了電機起動過程計算的準(zhǔn)確性，通過實驗驗證了本文所提出計算方法的準(zhǔn)確性。論文的研究成果為新系列電機的設(shè)計和保障其安全運行提供了參考，具有較高的實用價值。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of related technology in motor field, high efficiency and high power density motor becomes the developing trend. YJKK series compact high voltage motor is a new product of motor industry in our country, which is two grades lower than the center of YKK series motor on average. The decrease of volume makes the surface heat dissipation area decrease, and the power density and voltage level increase, which makes people pay more attention to its starting characteristics and temperature rise. When the load starts, the starting time is long, the starting current will make the winding temperature rise rapidly, and the large load may lead to the motor not starting normally. In the starting process, rotor impedance and starting current are the important basis for judging the winding temperature rise, and the starting characteristics (current-rotational speed, torque and rotational speed) are the important indexes to evaluate the starting performance of induction motor and to judge whether the motor can start normally. The user needs to select reasonable starting equipment according to the starting impedance and characteristics of the motor, so as to reduce the occurrence of the fault in the starting process. For the high voltage motor, it is difficult to realize the dynamic parameters and the starting characteristics of the starting process by the test method, so a practical method is needed to carry out the simulation calculation. According to the research status of induction motor starting characteristics, impedance and temperature rise at home and abroad, this paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the current calculation methods, deeply studies the relationship among electric, magnetic and heat during motor starting, and puts forward the dynamic parameters of the motor. The calculation method of starting characteristic and dynamic temperature rise. In this paper, the saturation effect and skin effect in starting motor are studied. According to the distribution of magnetic flux in the dynamic process of the motor, the magnetic network method is used to calculate the saturated flux leakage in the motor. For compact high voltage motor, the stator yoke is longer, the flux density is higher, and the yoke is saturated seriously. In addition, in order to improve magnetic density distribution, magnetic slot wedge is often used in compact high voltage motor. Therefore, the influence of the saturation of the yoke and the magnetic slot wedge should be taken into account in the establishment of the magnetic network model. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, a magnetic network model is established under the two positions of the relative tooth slot and the tooth, and the leakage flux is calculated according to the law of magnetic circuit. A stratified model is established to simulate the skin effect, and the height of the groove is discretized, and the calculation method of the skin collecting coefficient is given. Motor starting is a transient process, which needs to be analyzed by dynamic theory. According to the theory of coordinate transformation and vector transformation, the state equation of induction motor in two-phase coordinate system is derived. Combined with the motion equation of rotation system, the calculation methods of starting current, electromagnetic torque and starting time are given. The formula is simple, the calculation is convenient and the calculation time can be saved. The wind resistance network model of the motor is established and solved, and the distribution of the cooling gas flow inside the motor is obtained. Combined with the dynamic characteristic curve of the motor, the heat and heat dissipation of the motor are calculated, and the variation curve of the average temperature rise of the motor winding during the starting process is obtained. According to the limit value of winding temperature rise, the safe running time of motor during starting process is calculated, and the influence of different load on motor temperature rise is analyzed. Considering the interaction among the impedance, current and temperature rise of the motor during the starting process, the coupling calculation is carried out to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the starting process of the motor. The accuracy of the proposed calculation method is verified by experiments. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the design of new series motors and ensure their safe operation, and have high practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM346
[Abstract]:With the improvement of related technology in motor field, high efficiency and high power density motor becomes the developing trend. YJKK series compact high voltage motor is a new product of motor industry in our country, which is two grades lower than the center of YKK series motor on average. The decrease of volume makes the surface heat dissipation area decrease, and the power density and voltage level increase, which makes people pay more attention to its starting characteristics and temperature rise. When the load starts, the starting time is long, the starting current will make the winding temperature rise rapidly, and the large load may lead to the motor not starting normally. In the starting process, rotor impedance and starting current are the important basis for judging the winding temperature rise, and the starting characteristics (current-rotational speed, torque and rotational speed) are the important indexes to evaluate the starting performance of induction motor and to judge whether the motor can start normally. The user needs to select reasonable starting equipment according to the starting impedance and characteristics of the motor, so as to reduce the occurrence of the fault in the starting process. For the high voltage motor, it is difficult to realize the dynamic parameters and the starting characteristics of the starting process by the test method, so a practical method is needed to carry out the simulation calculation. According to the research status of induction motor starting characteristics, impedance and temperature rise at home and abroad, this paper analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the current calculation methods, deeply studies the relationship among electric, magnetic and heat during motor starting, and puts forward the dynamic parameters of the motor. The calculation method of starting characteristic and dynamic temperature rise. In this paper, the saturation effect and skin effect in starting motor are studied. According to the distribution of magnetic flux in the dynamic process of the motor, the magnetic network method is used to calculate the saturated flux leakage in the motor. For compact high voltage motor, the stator yoke is longer, the flux density is higher, and the yoke is saturated seriously. In addition, in order to improve magnetic density distribution, magnetic slot wedge is often used in compact high voltage motor. Therefore, the influence of the saturation of the yoke and the magnetic slot wedge should be taken into account in the establishment of the magnetic network model. In order to improve the accuracy of the calculation, a magnetic network model is established under the two positions of the relative tooth slot and the tooth, and the leakage flux is calculated according to the law of magnetic circuit. A stratified model is established to simulate the skin effect, and the height of the groove is discretized, and the calculation method of the skin collecting coefficient is given. Motor starting is a transient process, which needs to be analyzed by dynamic theory. According to the theory of coordinate transformation and vector transformation, the state equation of induction motor in two-phase coordinate system is derived. Combined with the motion equation of rotation system, the calculation methods of starting current, electromagnetic torque and starting time are given. The formula is simple, the calculation is convenient and the calculation time can be saved. The wind resistance network model of the motor is established and solved, and the distribution of the cooling gas flow inside the motor is obtained. Combined with the dynamic characteristic curve of the motor, the heat and heat dissipation of the motor are calculated, and the variation curve of the average temperature rise of the motor winding during the starting process is obtained. According to the limit value of winding temperature rise, the safe running time of motor during starting process is calculated, and the influence of different load on motor temperature rise is analyzed. Considering the interaction among the impedance, current and temperature rise of the motor during the starting process, the coupling calculation is carried out to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the starting process of the motor. The accuracy of the proposed calculation method is verified by experiments. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the design of new series motors and ensure their safe operation, and have high practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM346
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