霧中輸電線路絕緣子交流放電特性及閃絡(luò)過程研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-06 07:58
【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，大氣環(huán)境不斷惡化，近些年來國內(nèi)各地不斷出現(xiàn)的大霧天氣，嚴(yán)重威脅到電力系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，霧的物理化學(xué)特征及霧的狀態(tài)等對輸電線路絕緣子霧閃放電特性及閃絡(luò)過程有著重要的影響。目前，國內(nèi)外研究學(xué)者對其研究相對較少。基于以往的研究成果及存在的問題，采用試驗(yàn)研究和理論分析相結(jié)合的方式，首先在重慶大學(xué)湖南省懷化市雪峰山自然覆冰試驗(yàn)站對自然霧的物理化學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了測量分析；然后研究了霧中絕緣子表面濕潤受潮過程及其影響因素，最后選取典型的XP-160和LXY4-160懸式絕緣子為試驗(yàn)研究對象，研究霧中絕緣子交流放電特性。通過分析得到以下結(jié)論： (1)自然霧中絕緣子表面濕潤受潮包括水分子冷凝過程和絕緣子表面霧水水滴碰撞過程。水分子冷凝過程是亞穩(wěn)態(tài)的過飽和水蒸汽自發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉�(wěn)態(tài)的液態(tài)水或晶體的過程；通過建模仿真分析了絕緣子表面的水滴碰撞特性，分析了風(fēng)速和水滴直徑對水滴碰撞系數(shù)的影響，得出水滴碰撞系數(shù)隨風(fēng)速和水滴直徑的增大而增大。蒸汽霧中，絕緣子表面濕潤過程主要是冷凝作用；超聲波冷霧中，絕緣子表面濕潤過程主要受到霧水水滴碰撞絕緣子表面的影響。 (2)清潔絕緣子霧閃電壓隨著霧水電導(dǎo)率的增加而逐漸下降，單片清潔XP-160絕緣子霧閃電壓U50與霧水電導(dǎo)率γ20滿足如U50K a20K a20的冪指數(shù)形式，其中K=134.65，a=0.158，相關(guān)系數(shù)R20.97。通過對計(jì)算值和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對比，兩者相對誤差在5%以內(nèi)，因此可認(rèn)為推導(dǎo)擬合的關(guān)系式是可行的。 (3)污穢絕緣子霧閃電壓U50隨著霧水電導(dǎo)率γ20的增加而逐漸下降，且具有飽和趨勢。為研究霧水電導(dǎo)率對污穢絕緣子霧閃電壓的影響特性，，定義附加鹽密，污穢絕緣子霧閃電壓可表示為U50A S a，式中為附加鹽密，mg/cm2。附加鹽密與霧水電導(dǎo)率近似成線性關(guān)系，可表示成b20c。通過對計(jì)算值和試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對比，兩者相對誤差在7%以內(nèi)，因此可認(rèn)為該數(shù)學(xué)模型是可行的。 (4)霧中絕緣子交流霧閃電壓隨著霧水溫度的升高而逐漸減小。其原因主要是溫度升高，能增大溶液的溶解度，使更多的NaCl溶解；能降低溶液的粘度，使得溶液中離子運(yùn)動速度的增大。 (5)氣流的吹弧效應(yīng)對自然霧中絕緣子放電電弧的形態(tài)起主導(dǎo)作用，在局部電弧形成直至閃絡(luò)過程中，風(fēng)速為0~5m時，氣流對自然霧中絕緣子放電電弧形態(tài)的影響較小，可以忽略；風(fēng)速為10~15m時，氣流對自然霧中絕緣子放電電弧形態(tài)的影響較大，主要表現(xiàn)為電弧直徑的減小，放電電弧成為多分支體。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the atmospheric environment is getting worse and worse. In recent years, the foggy weather in various parts of the country has seriously threatened the safe and stable operation of the power system. The physical and chemical characteristics of fog and the state of fog have an important influence on the flashover discharge characteristics and flashover process of insulators on transmission lines. At present, the domestic and foreign research scholars to its research is relatively few. Based on the previous research results and existing problems, the physical and chemical characteristics of natural fog were measured and analyzed at Xuefeng Mountain Natural Ice Test Station of Huai Hua City, Hunan Province, Chongqing University by combining experimental research with theoretical analysis. Then, the wetting process of insulator surface in fog and its influencing factors are studied. Finally, typical XP-160 and LXY4-160 suspended insulators are selected as experimental objects to study the AC discharge characteristics of insulators in fog. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) wetting of insulator surface in natural fog includes condensation process of water molecule and collision process of water droplet on insulator surface. The condensation process of water molecules is the process of spontaneous transformation of supersaturated water vapor from metastable state to steady state liquid water or crystal. The characteristics of water droplet collision on insulator surface are analyzed by modeling and simulation. The influence of wind speed and droplet diameter on the impact coefficient of water droplet is analyzed. It is concluded that the impact coefficient of water droplet increases with the increase of wind speed and droplet diameter. In steam fog, the process of wetting insulator surface is mainly condensation; in ultrasonic cold fog, The wetting process of insulator surface is mainly affected by the impact of fog water droplets on the insulator surface. (2) the lightning pressure of clean insulator mist decreases with the increase of fog conductivity. The lightning pressure U50 of monolithic clean XP-160 insulator and the conductivity 緯 20 of foggy water satisfy the power exponent form of U50Ka20Ka20, in which the correlation coefficient is R20.97. By comparing the calculated values with the experimental results, the relative error between them is less than 5%, so it can be considered that the fitting formula is feasible. (3) the lightning pressure U50 of contaminated insulator mist decreases with the increase of fogwater conductivity 緯 20. And the trend of saturation. In order to study the influence of foggy water conductivity on the lightning voltage of contaminated insulators, the additional salt density is defined. The fog flash voltage of polluted insulators can be expressed as U50A sa, and the formula is added salt density / mg / cm 2. The additional salt density is approximately linear to the conductivity of fog water and can be expressed as b20c. By comparing the calculated values with the experimental results, the relative error is less than 7%, so the mathematical model can be considered feasible. (4) the lightning pressure of insulator AC fog in fog decreases with the increase of fog temperature. The main reason is that the increase of temperature can increase the solubility of the solution, make more NaCl dissolve, and reduce the viscosity of the solution. The velocity of ion movement in solution is increased. (5) the arc blowing effect of air flow plays a leading role in the shape of discharge arc of insulator in natural fog. When the local arc is formed until the flashover process, the wind speed is 0 ~ 5 m. The influence of air flow on the discharge arc shape of insulator in natural fog is small, which can be ignored, and when the wind speed is 10 ~ 15m, the influence of air flow on the discharge arc shape of insulator in natural fog is greater, mainly as the decrease of arc diameter. The discharge arc becomes a multi-branched body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM216
本文編號：2225720
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the atmospheric environment is getting worse and worse. In recent years, the foggy weather in various parts of the country has seriously threatened the safe and stable operation of the power system. The physical and chemical characteristics of fog and the state of fog have an important influence on the flashover discharge characteristics and flashover process of insulators on transmission lines. At present, the domestic and foreign research scholars to its research is relatively few. Based on the previous research results and existing problems, the physical and chemical characteristics of natural fog were measured and analyzed at Xuefeng Mountain Natural Ice Test Station of Huai Hua City, Hunan Province, Chongqing University by combining experimental research with theoretical analysis. Then, the wetting process of insulator surface in fog and its influencing factors are studied. Finally, typical XP-160 and LXY4-160 suspended insulators are selected as experimental objects to study the AC discharge characteristics of insulators in fog. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) wetting of insulator surface in natural fog includes condensation process of water molecule and collision process of water droplet on insulator surface. The condensation process of water molecules is the process of spontaneous transformation of supersaturated water vapor from metastable state to steady state liquid water or crystal. The characteristics of water droplet collision on insulator surface are analyzed by modeling and simulation. The influence of wind speed and droplet diameter on the impact coefficient of water droplet is analyzed. It is concluded that the impact coefficient of water droplet increases with the increase of wind speed and droplet diameter. In steam fog, the process of wetting insulator surface is mainly condensation; in ultrasonic cold fog, The wetting process of insulator surface is mainly affected by the impact of fog water droplets on the insulator surface. (2) the lightning pressure of clean insulator mist decreases with the increase of fog conductivity. The lightning pressure U50 of monolithic clean XP-160 insulator and the conductivity 緯 20 of foggy water satisfy the power exponent form of U50Ka20Ka20, in which the correlation coefficient is R20.97. By comparing the calculated values with the experimental results, the relative error between them is less than 5%, so it can be considered that the fitting formula is feasible. (3) the lightning pressure U50 of contaminated insulator mist decreases with the increase of fogwater conductivity 緯 20. And the trend of saturation. In order to study the influence of foggy water conductivity on the lightning voltage of contaminated insulators, the additional salt density is defined. The fog flash voltage of polluted insulators can be expressed as U50A sa, and the formula is added salt density / mg / cm 2. The additional salt density is approximately linear to the conductivity of fog water and can be expressed as b20c. By comparing the calculated values with the experimental results, the relative error is less than 7%, so the mathematical model can be considered feasible. (4) the lightning pressure of insulator AC fog in fog decreases with the increase of fog temperature. The main reason is that the increase of temperature can increase the solubility of the solution, make more NaCl dissolve, and reduce the viscosity of the solution. The velocity of ion movement in solution is increased. (5) the arc blowing effect of air flow plays a leading role in the shape of discharge arc of insulator in natural fog. When the local arc is formed until the flashover process, the wind speed is 0 ~ 5 m. The influence of air flow on the discharge arc shape of insulator in natural fog is small, which can be ignored, and when the wind speed is 10 ~ 15m, the influence of air flow on the discharge arc shape of insulator in natural fog is greater, mainly as the decrease of arc diameter. The discharge arc becomes a multi-branched body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM216
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