【摘要】：在特高壓交流系統(tǒng)中,需要壽命至少達(dá)到3000次以上的長(zhǎng)壽命電容器組斷路器以滿(mǎn)足無(wú)功補(bǔ)償?shù)囊?現(xiàn)有專(zhuān)用斷路器的電壽命均只能達(dá)到數(shù)百次,其電壽命嚴(yán)重不足。上述現(xiàn)有專(zhuān)用斷路器電壽命的不足主要表現(xiàn)在斷路器的弧觸頭抗侵蝕能力不足。由于關(guān)合電容器組條件下的弧觸頭侵蝕行為與一般分?jǐn)嗲闆r下的電弧侵蝕行為存在物理過(guò)程上的顯著差異,因此,迫切需要通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論分析,以了解這種工作條件下的弧觸頭侵蝕行為和侵蝕特性,為完善專(zhuān)用斷路器的弧觸頭材料選用和滅弧室結(jié)構(gòu)及操作特性設(shè)計(jì)提供可靠的依據(jù)。通過(guò)對(duì)弧觸頭侵蝕現(xiàn)象的分析,認(rèn)為關(guān)合侵蝕不同于分?jǐn)嗲治g,前者包含有電弧預(yù)擊穿燒蝕和弧后摩擦磨損兩個(gè)物理過(guò)程�；诖�,設(shè)計(jì)了弧觸頭關(guān)合侵蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)、弧觸頭電弧燒蝕實(shí)驗(yàn),用以研究弧觸頭在不同實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的弧觸頭關(guān)合侵蝕特性,并區(qū)分了這兩個(gè)過(guò)程對(duì)弧觸頭的作用;設(shè)計(jì)了弧觸頭材料優(yōu)選實(shí)驗(yàn),比較了典型弧觸頭材料的優(yōu)劣,并對(duì)弧觸頭提出了可能的改進(jìn)方法;最后,根據(jù)弧觸頭關(guān)合侵蝕特性和關(guān)合侵蝕后弧觸頭的微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)提出了基于開(kāi)斷電弧重?fù)舸┖椭鳌⒒∮|頭操作時(shí)序反轉(zhuǎn)兩種失效模式的弧觸頭失效次數(shù)計(jì)算模型。研究表明:由于弧后摩擦磨損過(guò)程的存在,起保護(hù)作用的弧觸頭外層骨架部分被摩掉,因而容性情況下的關(guān)合侵蝕較開(kāi)斷侵蝕更加嚴(yán)重;電弧燒蝕時(shí),弧觸頭的質(zhì)量損失由電弧能量決定,預(yù)擊穿電弧燒蝕會(huì)對(duì)弧后摩擦磨損過(guò)程有較大影響;弧后摩擦磨損過(guò)程在電弧能量較小和較大的時(shí)候起主導(dǎo)作用,而電弧燒蝕過(guò)程對(duì)整體侵蝕量只在一個(gè)范圍內(nèi)有較大影響;弧觸頭在低速關(guān)合的情況下電弧能量起主導(dǎo)作用,而在高速關(guān)合情況下撞擊力起主導(dǎo)作用;弧觸頭制造工藝及其控制在一定程度上會(huì)影響弧觸頭的抗侵蝕能力。
[Abstract]:In the UHV AC system, the long-life capacitor bank circuit breaker, which needs at least 3000 life times to meet the demand of reactive power compensation, can only achieve hundreds of electric life, and its electric life is seriously insufficient. The lack of electrical life of the existing special circuit breaker is mainly due to the lack of corrosion resistance of the arc contact of the circuit breaker. Because the erosion behavior of arc contact under the condition of closing capacitor bank is obviously different from that of arc erosion behavior under general breaking condition, it is urgent to pass the experimental research and theoretical analysis, because there is a significant difference in the physical process between the arc contact erosion behavior under the condition of closing capacitor bank and the arc erosion behavior under the general breaking condition. In order to understand the erosion behavior and erosion characteristics of arc contact under this working condition, the reliable basis is provided for improving the selection of arc contact materials for special circuit breakers and the design of the structure and operation characteristics of the interrupter. Through the analysis of arc contact erosion, it is considered that closing erosion is different from breaking erosion. The former includes two physical processes: arc pre-breakdown ablation and back-arc friction and wear. Based on this, the experiments of arc contact closing erosion and arc contact arc ablation are designed to study the characteristics of arc contact closing erosion under different experimental conditions, and the effects of these two processes on arc contact are distinguished. The optimum selection experiment of arc contact materials is designed, the advantages and disadvantages of typical arc contact materials are compared, and the possible improvement methods for arc contact are put forward. According to the characteristics of arc contact closing erosion and the microstructure of arc contact after closing erosion, a calculation model of arc contact failure number is proposed based on the two failure modes of arc rebreakdown and main arc contact operation. The results show that due to the existence of back-arc friction and wear process, the outer framework of the protective arc contact is partly rubbed off, so the closing erosion under capacitive condition is more serious than that of the breaking erosion, and when the arc is ablating, the closing erosion is more serious than the breaking erosion. The mass loss of arc contact is determined by the arc energy, and the pre-breakdown arc ablation will have a great influence on the process of back-arc friction and wear, and the process of back-arc friction and wear plays a leading role when the arc energy is small and larger. The arc ablation process has a great influence on the whole erosion amount in a certain range, the arc contact plays a leading role in the case of low speed closing, and the impact force in the case of high speed closing, the arc contact plays a leading role in the case of low speed closing, and the arc contact energy plays a leading role in the case of low speed closing and high speed closing. The manufacturing process of arc contact and its control will affect the corrosion resistance of arc contact to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM561

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