【摘要】：鋰離子電池是目前最為廣泛應(yīng)用的便攜式電源系統(tǒng),而且正往多功能化及大型化方向發(fā)展以應(yīng)用于動(dòng)力電池系統(tǒng)及能源儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng),如何進(jìn)一步提高鋰離子電池能量密度成為當(dāng)前該領(lǐng)域重要的研究課題。同時(shí),相較于其他電池,鋰離子電池原料成本較高,加工工藝復(fù)雜,電池中多個(gè)關(guān)鍵組件為非可再生資源或具備一定的毒性,因此導(dǎo)致鋰離子電池成本居高不下,也不利于環(huán)境保護(hù)。本論文針對(duì)以上兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,嘗試采用生物材料制成品(宣紙薄膜)來(lái)全部或部分取代鋰離子電池中的某些關(guān)鍵組件,以實(shí)現(xiàn)降低鋰離子電池生產(chǎn)成本,同時(shí)提高鋰離子電池能量密度,改善其環(huán)境相容性的目的。 在第一章中,我們將簡(jiǎn)要介紹人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)及發(fā)明使用電池的歷史,分析介紹鋰離子電池中各關(guān)鍵組件及其各自功能性,同時(shí)還將對(duì)生物材料在鋰離子電池中的應(yīng)用及宣紙薄膜進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要的介紹。第二章重點(diǎn)介紹本論文中主要使用的藥品、試劑及主要檢測(cè)、表征手段。 宣紙薄膜是一種由特殊植物纖維(青檀樹(shù)皮與長(zhǎng)稈秈稻草纖維)為原料,通過(guò)濕法抄造工藝制備而來(lái)的無(wú)紡布型薄膜材料。獨(dú)特的原料纖維與濕法抄造的工藝賦予了宣紙獨(dú)特的功能性,如潤(rùn)墨性、耐久性、變形性以及抗蟲(chóng)性等,其中潤(rùn)墨性反映了該材料的強(qiáng)親水浸潤(rùn)性。而在鋰離子電池關(guān)鍵組件中,隔離膜的最基本功能要求即為具備強(qiáng)浸潤(rùn)性,能夠與電解液發(fā)生優(yōu)良浸潤(rùn)保證鋰離子在隔離膜中的順暢傳輸。因此,在第三章中我們從宣紙薄膜的功能性出發(fā),嘗試采用宣紙薄膜作為隔離膜應(yīng)用于鋰離子電池中,通過(guò)對(duì)宣紙薄膜進(jìn)行形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)組成、熱穩(wěn)定性、電化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等方面進(jìn)行檢測(cè)分析,從理論上展示了可行性。再通過(guò)多種電極材料與宣紙薄膜進(jìn)行匹配,從實(shí)驗(yàn)上驗(yàn)證了其作為電池隔膜材料的可行性。 在第四章中,我們采用壓燒工藝,以宣紙薄膜為原料制備了具有三維多孔網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)的自支撐碳膜材料,這種由生物纖維制備而來(lái)的自支撐碳膜具有高比表面積,可作為負(fù)極應(yīng)用于鋰離子電池當(dāng)中。 在第五章至第七章中,基于壓燒工藝制備三維多孔碳膜的工作基礎(chǔ),我們將多種電極材料,包括磷酸鐵鋰、磷酸釩鋰以及鈦酸鋰等與宣紙薄膜進(jìn)行復(fù)合。通過(guò)固相法制備電極材料前驅(qū)體,并將其制備成漿料涂覆于宣紙薄膜之上,通過(guò)一步共燒工藝,同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)電極材料的高溫成相與宣紙薄膜的高溫碳化,制備了三維多孔碳膜支撐的磷酸鐵鋰和磷酸釩鋰薄膜正極、以及鈦酸鋰薄膜負(fù)極。由于該方法以固相合成法為基礎(chǔ),并采用生物材料,因此可降低原料及生產(chǎn)成本。 基于宣紙薄膜材料,我們制備了鋰離子電池的三種關(guān)鍵組件,即正極材料、隔離膜和負(fù)極材料。因此,在第八章中,我們嘗試設(shè)計(jì)并組裝了一個(gè)主要基于宣紙材料的全電池LiFePO4/C并驗(yàn)證了其可行性。 在第九章中,我們通過(guò)采用1,2-丙二醇作為溶劑,通過(guò)溶膠凝膠法制備了鋰離子電池?zé)o機(jī)固體陶瓷電解質(zhì)Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3。該合成路線(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)化了實(shí)驗(yàn)工藝,制備了組成均勻的前驅(qū)體,降低了高溫?zé)Y(jié)溫度,在850℃燒結(jié)所得樣品鋰離子電導(dǎo)率較高,在50℃下為3.0×10-4S cm-1。 第十章是對(duì)本論文的創(chuàng)新之處和不足之處進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要總結(jié),并對(duì)今后可能的工作方向進(jìn)行展望。
[Abstract]:Lithium ion battery is the most widely used portable power supply system, and it is developing in the direction of multi-function and large scale to apply to power battery system and energy storage system. How to further improve the energy density of lithium ion battery has become an important research topic in this field. The cost of the raw material is high, the processing technology is complex, the key components in the battery are non renewable resources or have certain toxicity. Therefore, the cost of lithium ion battery is high, and it is not conducive to environmental protection. In this paper, we try to use the biological material (Xuan paper film) to replace the lithium ion in all or part of the two problems. Some key components of the battery can reduce the production cost of lithium-ion batteries, increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries and improve their environmental compatibility.
In the first chapter, we will briefly introduce the history of human knowledge and invention of the use of batteries, analyze the key components and their respective functions in lithium ion batteries, and introduce briefly the application of biological materials in lithium ion batteries and the film of Xuan paper. The second chapter focuses on the main drugs used in this paper. Agents and main detection and characterization methods.
The paper film is a non-woven film material made from special plant fiber (Tsing sandalwood bark and long straw indica straw fiber) by wet processing. The unique raw material fiber and wet process technology give the unique function of Xuan paper, such as ink wetting, durability, deformability and insect resistance, including ink wetting property. In the key component of lithium ion batteries, the most basic functional requirements of the isolation membrane are the strong infiltration and the excellent infiltration with the electrolyte to ensure the smooth transmission of the lithium ion in the isolation membrane. Therefore, in the third chapter, we try to use the Xuan paper from the function of the paper film. The thin film is applied to the lithium ion battery as an isolating membrane. Through the detection and analysis of the morphology, structure, chemical composition, thermal stability and electrochemical stability of the paper film, the feasibility is demonstrated in theory. Then the film is matched with a variety of electrode materials and the film is tested as a battery diaphragm material. Feasibility.
In the fourth chapter, we have prepared a self supporting carbon film material with a three-dimensional porous network structure using the padding process. The self supporting carbon film produced by the biological fiber has a high surface area and can be used as a negative electrode in lithium ion batteries.
In the fifth chapter to the seventh chapter, the working basis of a three-dimensional porous carbon film is prepared based on the pressing process. We compounded a variety of electrode materials, including lithium iron phosphate, lithium phosphate, and lithium titanate. The precursor of electrode materials was prepared by solid phase method, and the slurry was coated on a Xuan paper film by a step. The co firing process and high temperature carbonization of the high temperature phase and paper film of the electrode materials have been realized. The cathode of lithium iron phosphate and lithium vanadium phosphate film supported by three dimensional porous carbon membrane and lithium titanate film anode are prepared. The method is based on the solid phase synthesis and uses biological materials, thus reducing the cost of raw materials and production.
Based on the paper film material, we have prepared three key components of the lithium ion battery, the cathode material, the isolation film and the negative electrode. Therefore, in the eighth chapter, we try to design and assemble a full battery LiFePO4/C, which is mainly based on the paper material, and verify its feasibility.
In the ninth chapter, by using 1,2- propanediol as a solvent, the inorganic solid ceramic electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7 (PO4) 3. of lithium ion battery was prepared by sol-gel method. The synthetic route was simplified, and the homogeneous precursor was prepared, the sintering temperature of high temperature was reduced, and the lithium ion conductivity was obtained at 850 C. Higher, 3 x 10-4S cm-1. at 50 C
The tenth chapter briefly summarizes the innovations and shortcomings of this paper, and looks into the possible direction of future work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM912

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