【摘要】：電氣化鐵路作為一種波動劇烈的大功率單相不平衡負(fù)荷,長期存在著功率因數(shù)低、注入電力系統(tǒng)的諧波與負(fù)序較大等問題。隨著近年來電氣化鐵路的快速發(fā)展,電力牽引引發(fā)的電能質(zhì)量問題引起人們越來越多的關(guān)注。交-直-交機(jī)車的大量使用,大大改善了諧波和功率因數(shù)問題,但隨著牽引功率的大幅增加,負(fù)序問題卻變得更加嚴(yán)重。 本文給出了目前我國常用的幾種牽引變壓器的空載電壓關(guān)系,負(fù)載電流關(guān)系,負(fù)序電流與一二次側(cè)電流關(guān)系以及電壓輸出方程。得到了不同接線牽引變壓器對三相電力系統(tǒng)的負(fù)序影響。 通過神朔重載電氣化鐵路的現(xiàn)場實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù),比較了三相V/v接線與Scott接線牽引變壓器的負(fù)序電流特性,說明了在山區(qū)重載電氣化鐵路使用平衡變壓器的實(shí)際效果。同時根據(jù)牽引負(fù)荷在波動劇烈時,會在短時間內(nèi)引起電流、電壓幅值突變且變化很大的特點(diǎn),提出利用基波正序(或負(fù)序)分量的變化量來估算系統(tǒng)阻抗和短路容量的方法。杭甬客專沿線的新上虞變電所采用了新型的二次側(cè)中抽式Scott接線變壓器,推導(dǎo)出該新型變壓器的電氣特性并進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,通過與相鄰的牛匯橋變電所采用的V/X接線變壓器相比較,得到了這種新型牽引變壓器對負(fù)序電流的抑制效果。 介紹了目前針對負(fù)序的治理技術(shù)及常用的無源補(bǔ)償裝置SVC與有源補(bǔ)償裝置SVG的基本工作原理,提出了同相供電的概念。在無功補(bǔ)償原理的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了分別在系統(tǒng)側(cè)與牽引側(cè)安裝補(bǔ)償裝置的治理方案并對牽引側(cè)安裝補(bǔ)償裝置的方案進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證�？梢娨獪p小牽引負(fù)荷注入電力系統(tǒng)的負(fù)序電流,安裝補(bǔ)償裝置是必不可少的。
[Abstract]:As a highly fluctuating single-phase unbalanced load, electrified railway has many problems, such as low power factor, large harmonic and negative sequence injected into power system and so on. With the rapid development of electrified railway in recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the power quality problem caused by electric traction. With the extensive use of AC-DC-AC locomotives, the harmonic and power factor problems are greatly improved, but with the increase of traction power, the negative sequence problem becomes more serious. In this paper, the relationship between no-load voltage, load current, negative sequence current and primary and secondary side current and voltage output equation of several traction transformers commonly used in China are given. The negative sequence effect of different wiring traction transformers on three-phase power system is obtained. Based on the field measured data of Shenshuo heavy duty electrified railway, the negative sequence current characteristics of three-phase V / v connection and Scott traction transformer are compared, and the actual effect of using balance transformer in mountain area heavy duty electrified railway is explained. At the same time, according to the characteristics that the traction load can cause the sudden change of the current and voltage amplitude in a short time when the load fluctuates violently, a method to estimate the impedance and short-circuit capacity of the system by using the variation of the fundamental positive sequence (or negative sequence) component is proposed. The new Shangyu substation along the route of Hangyong passenger College adopts a new type of secondary side pumping Scott connection transformer. The electrical characteristics of the new transformer are deduced and verified, and compared with the V / X connection transformer adopted by the adjacent Niuhuiqiao substation. The effect of the new traction transformer on the negative sequence current is obtained. This paper introduces the control technology of negative sequence and the basic working principle of passive compensation device SVC and active compensation device SVG, and puts forward the concept of in-phase power supply. On the basis of the principle of reactive power compensation, the control scheme of installing compensator on the system side and the traction side is put forward, and the scheme of installing the compensator on the traction side is verified. Therefore, it is necessary to install compensator to reduce the negative sequence current of traction load injected into power system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM922.73

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