【摘要】：道閘是專門用于在道路上限制機動車行駛的通道出入口管理設(shè)備。隨著國家經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和人民生活質(zhì)量的提高，，城市的汽車數(shù)量也呈指數(shù)的增加，而使得道閘更加廣泛地應(yīng)用于公路收費站、停車場、小區(qū)、企事業(yè)單位門口等場所，來管理車輛的出入。作為常用的2種道閘系統(tǒng)的拖動設(shè)備，直流電動機和交流異步電動機其自身存在的一些缺點在一定程度上制約了它們在道閘系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用，因而提出了集直流電動機和交流電動機兩者的優(yōu)點于一身的且性能更加穩(wěn)定、可靠性更高的無刷直流電動機作為道閘系統(tǒng)的拖動設(shè)備。 本文以無刷直流電動機作為主要研究對象，基于其基本組成和工作原理，開發(fā)了以MC33035、MC33039、MPM3003及其外圍電路所構(gòu)成的無刷直流電動機驅(qū)動器，通過對驅(qū)動器實驗板的調(diào)試，得出了無刷直流電動機較合適的調(diào)速方式，且該驅(qū)動器實驗板能很好的實現(xiàn)無刷直流電動機的啟動、換相、正反轉(zhuǎn)、制動、加減速的控制、轉(zhuǎn)速閉環(huán)控制。 結(jié)合無刷直流電動機驅(qū)動器，開發(fā)了以STC51單片機作為控制核心的道閘控制器系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)了道閘運行的自動化控制，其中構(gòu)建了基于單片機的無刷直流電動機的轉(zhuǎn)速測量與LCD顯示電路、輸出連續(xù)可調(diào)的直流穩(wěn)壓電源電路、故障定位電路、脈沖6倍頻電路、電動機相電流檢測電路、道閘遇阻處理電路、上位機與單片機的485通訊電路、0.8s、1s、2s、4s的4個檔位按鍵，并完成了相關(guān)控制程序的設(shè)計。 通過對上述硬件電路及其相關(guān)程序的調(diào)試，實現(xiàn)了無刷直流電動機轉(zhuǎn)速的測量，并將結(jié)果顯示于LCD上；完成了基于VC++的上位機控制界面設(shè)計并實現(xiàn)了上位機與單片機的485通訊；能準(zhǔn)確的進(jìn)行故障定位，并輸出故障代碼；人為的模擬了道閘遇阻，實現(xiàn)了遇阻無刷直流電動機立即正轉(zhuǎn)一定角度；模擬地感線圈的信號，控制道閘的起、落桿；實現(xiàn)了無刷直流電動機在空載情況下0.8s、1s、2s、4s運行檔位的切換和道閘轉(zhuǎn)角的控制。 將無刷直流電動機驅(qū)動器、道閘控制器、無刷直流電動機、道閘機械部分的聯(lián)機調(diào)試，完成了道閘4個檔位的起桿控制與落桿控制，根據(jù)所加工電動機在遇阻時電流不突變的特點而改用脈沖計數(shù)的方法實現(xiàn)了道閘遇阻的處理，最后完成了PCB板的設(shè)計與制作。
[Abstract]:Gate is specially used to restrict the movement of motor vehicles on the road access management equipment. With the improvement of the national economic level and the quality of life of the people, the number of cars in cities is also increasing exponentially. Thus, road gates are more widely used in places such as highway toll stations, parking lots, residential areas, enterprises and institutions, etc. To manage vehicle access. As two kinds of common drive equipment of gate system, DC motor and AC asynchronous motor have some disadvantages which restrict their application in gate system to a certain extent. Therefore, a brushless DC motor, which combines the advantages of DC motor and AC motor, with more stable performance and higher reliability, is proposed as the driving equipment of the gate system. This paper takes brushless DC motor as the main research object, based on its basic composition and working principle, develops the brushless DC motor driver which is made up of MC33035, MC33039 MPM3003 and its peripheral circuit. It is concluded that the brushless DC motor is more suitable for speed regulation, and the driver experimental board can well realize the brushless DC motor starting, commutation, positive and inverse rotation, braking, acceleration and deceleration control, speed closed loop control. Combined with brushless DC motor driver, a gate controller system with STC51 single chip microcomputer as the control core is developed to realize the automatic control of the running of the channel gate. Among them, the speed measurement and LCD display circuit of brushless DC motor based on single chip microcomputer, the output of continuously adjustable DC power supply circuit, fault location circuit, pulse 6 times frequency circuit, motor phase current detection circuit are constructed. The circuit of channel gate distress processing, the 485 communication circuit between host computer and single chip computer, and the 4 gear keys of 0.8sm 1sSU 2s 4s, and the design of the related control program are completed. The measurement of brushless DC motor speed is realized by debugging the hardware circuit and related program, and the result is displayed on LCD. The control interface of the host computer based on VC is designed and the 485 communication between the upper computer and the single chip microcomputer is realized; the fault location can be accurately carried out, and the fault code can be output. In this paper, a certain angle of brushless DC motor is realized, the signal of earth inductive coil is simulated, the starting of the gate is controlled and the rod is dropped, the switching of the running gear of the brushless DC motor under the condition of no load is realized, and the control of the switch angle is realized. The on-line debugging of brushless DC motor driver, gate controller, brushless DC motor and the mechanical part of the channel gate is carried out, and the starting rod control and the falling rod control of the four stalls of the channel gate are completed. According to the characteristic that the electric current is not abrupt when the motor is in resistance, the pulse counting method is used to deal with the resistance of the channel gate. Finally, the design and fabrication of the PCB board are completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：集美大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM33;TP273

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