發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-26 07:24

  本文選題：微網(wǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：儲(chǔ)能電池　出處：《華南理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在能源危機(jī)、環(huán)境污染以及供電可靠的背景下，智能電網(wǎng)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展，尤其是以風(fēng)光、燃料電池、微型燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)以及儲(chǔ)能電池等為代表的發(fā)電和存儲(chǔ)技術(shù)。國內(nèi)外研究表明，將分布式發(fā)電供能系統(tǒng)以微網(wǎng)的形式接入大電網(wǎng)，，是其功能發(fā)揮的有效方式。為促使微網(wǎng)成功并入現(xiàn)有系統(tǒng)，并得以推廣，其運(yùn)行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性將是關(guān)鍵所在。 微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行不僅取決于它的電源結(jié)構(gòu)，還與它所處的市場環(huán)境息息相關(guān)，如電價(jià)形式、天然氣價(jià)格、上網(wǎng)政策等。從算法的角度來說，也是一個(gè)包含機(jī)組啟停、出力、爬坡等約束的混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃問題，可采用GAMS/CPLEX求解。本文在電網(wǎng)級儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)發(fā)展以及電力需求側(cè)管理的背景下，對微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)做了以最小運(yùn)行成本為目標(biāo)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析。 首先對微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行環(huán)境和分布式電源進(jìn)行了建模，并對建模系統(tǒng)和求解方法做了簡單介紹；其次搭建了計(jì)及儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的微網(wǎng)模型，并對機(jī)組出力、購售電行為、儲(chǔ)能充放電行為、負(fù)荷曲線變化以及運(yùn)行成本等做了細(xì)致的分析。同時(shí)，通過計(jì)算儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的年運(yùn)行可節(jié)約成本，還做了其投資收益分析，并提出了最佳容量選擇方法；為考慮DR，對居民負(fù)荷進(jìn)行了建模，即重要、可轉(zhuǎn)移和可控負(fù)荷三類，其中可轉(zhuǎn)移還包括了電動(dòng)汽車負(fù)荷。之后分別針對可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷的轉(zhuǎn)移方式以及可控負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)方式進(jìn)行建模，并輔以一定的價(jià)格補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。最后對運(yùn)行結(jié)果做了機(jī)組出力、成本對比、購售電行為、可轉(zhuǎn)移負(fù)荷轉(zhuǎn)移行為、可控負(fù)荷的調(diào)節(jié)行為、機(jī)組啟停順序以及負(fù)荷曲線變化等分析，其中還研究了用戶側(cè)響應(yīng)對配網(wǎng)的影響；為集合儲(chǔ)能和DR的作用，本文還對同時(shí)計(jì)及這兩種方式下的微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)購電行為、售電行為、負(fù)荷曲線、冬夏運(yùn)行成本和可節(jié)約的成本等做了一一的對比分析。 研究表明，在實(shí)時(shí)電價(jià)的環(huán)境下，微網(wǎng)優(yōu)先調(diào)用可再生能源，電價(jià)較低時(shí)，通過主網(wǎng)購電來滿足負(fù)荷需求；隨著電價(jià)升高，可控電源按照發(fā)電成本高低依次開啟，共同滿足負(fù)荷需求。當(dāng)計(jì)及儲(chǔ)能時(shí)，負(fù)荷曲線平抑，實(shí)現(xiàn)了削峰填谷的目標(biāo)，運(yùn)行成本降低，夏季的節(jié)約成本要比冬季高。儲(chǔ)能系統(tǒng)的投資需要考慮電池價(jià)格、使用壽命、存款利率、微網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)以及電價(jià)等諸多因素。計(jì)及DR時(shí)，運(yùn)行成本顯著降低，夏季的節(jié)約成本要比冬季多很多，負(fù)荷曲線更加平滑，夜間負(fù)荷水平明顯抬高，用電高峰負(fù)荷被轉(zhuǎn)移和削減。有助于延緩配網(wǎng)升級改造，并指導(dǎo)配網(wǎng)規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:In the context of energy crisis, environmental pollution and reliable power supply, the smart grid came into being, distributed generation technology has been rapidly developed, especially in the wind, fuel cells, The research at home and abroad shows that the distributed generation and energy supply system is connected to the large power grid in the form of microgrid. It is an effective way to perform its functions. In order to promote the successful integration of micronetworks into the existing system and to be popularized, the economy of its operation will be the key. The economic operation of the microgrid system depends not only on its power supply structure, but also on the market environment in which it is located, such as the form of electricity price, the price of natural gas, the Internet policy, and so on. The mixed integer programming problem with constraints such as force and slope climbing can be solved by GAMS/CPLEX. In this paper, under the background of the development of power grid energy storage technology and the power demand side management, the economic analysis of microgrid system with the goal of minimum operation cost is made. Firstly, the operation environment and distributed power generation of microgrid system are modeled, and the modeling system and solving method are simply introduced. Secondly, the micro-grid model considering energy storage system is built, and the behavior of generating units, buying and selling electricity is also introduced. The charge-discharge behavior of energy storage, the change of load curve and operation cost are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the annual operation of energy storage system can be saved by calculating the cost, and the investment income is analyzed, and the optimal capacity selection method is put forward. In order to consider DRR, the resident load is modeled, that is, important, transferable and controllable load. The transferable load also includes the electric vehicle load. After that, the transfer mode of the transferable load and the regulating mode of the controllable load are modeled, supplemented by a certain price compensation mechanism. Finally, the unit output is made to the operation result. Cost comparison, purchase and sale behavior, transferable load transfer behavior, controllable load regulation behavior, unit start and stop order and load curve change are analyzed. The influence of user side response on distribution network is also studied. For the purpose of collecting energy storage and Dr, this paper also makes a comparative analysis of the power purchase behavior, the electricity sale behavior, the load curve, the operation cost and the saving cost of the microgrid system under these two modes. The research shows that in the environment of real time electricity price, the microgrid gives priority to the renewable energy, and when the electricity price is low, it can satisfy the load demand through the main network purchase electricity, and with the increase of the electricity price, the controllable power supply will be turned on according to the generation cost in turn. When energy storage is taken into account, the load curve is flat, the target of peak cutting and valley filling is achieved, the operating cost is reduced, and the saving cost in summer is higher than that in winter. The investment of energy storage system needs to consider battery price and service life. The savings cost in summer is much more than in winter, the load curve is smoother, and the night load level is obviously elevated, taking into account many factors, such as deposit interest rate, structure of microgrid system, electricity price, etc., when Dr is taken into account, the operating cost is significantly reduced, the savings in summer are much more than in winter, The peak load is shifted and reduced. It helps to delay the upgrading of distribution network and guide the planning and design of distribution network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM732

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