本文選題：循環(huán)水排污水　切入點：超濾　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：火電廠用水量很大,循環(huán)水用量最大占電廠用水總量的70%以上。為了減少補充水量,必須對系統(tǒng)中的水進行脫鹽。以往的工藝采用離子交換設(shè)備除鹽,系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜,不易維護,占地面積大,運行使用的酸堿會對環(huán)境造成二次污染,運行費用高等缺點。本課題意在為循環(huán)水處理提供了一套新的完整、可靠的工業(yè)化解決方案,提高循環(huán)水回用比例。在國內(nèi),高效反滲透技術(shù)未進行過處理循環(huán)水的中試研究,也從未有項目將此技術(shù)用于工程設(shè)計。本課題設(shè)計了一套高效反滲透工藝,通過石灰軟化、脫二氧化碳、超濾和反滲透組成高效反滲透工藝處理循環(huán)排污水,并進行了一系列相關(guān)實驗。另外,本課題以石景山電廠循環(huán)排污水處理系統(tǒng)作為一個工程實例進行研究,分析了實際水質(zhì)和設(shè)備運行數(shù)據(jù),為將來中試和工程應(yīng)用提供參考。 循環(huán)水預(yù)處理試驗,石灰軟化池用于去除循環(huán)排污水中的硬度,自清洗盤濾用于濾除廢水中的懸浮物和膠體,CO2脫除裝置用于去除水中的C02,從而降低碳酸鹽硬度。超濾用于去除水中的濁度和懸浮物,并且保證出水中的COD含量滿足反滲透裝置的進水要求。實驗結(jié)果表明,廢水中的暫時硬度和懸浮物得到了有效地去除,跟循環(huán)排污水原水相比CODcr的去除率約為57.4%,濁度去除率約為43%。水中的重碳酸鹽和碳酸鹽含量大大減少。研究表明,溫度和PH值對預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)運行有很大影響。合理的超濾反洗周期確定對保護超濾膜和節(jié)約能耗也很重要。按照石灰軟化池、自清洗盤濾和脫除CO2的預(yù)處理工藝處理循環(huán)排污水,超濾進水溫度調(diào)整到30-35℃,超濾產(chǎn)水量為65L/min,反洗周期是45min,在pH調(diào)節(jié)池將反滲透進水pH調(diào)整至8～10,是很合理的運行方法,出水水質(zhì)能完全滿足反滲透的進水要求。 反滲透試驗,造成反滲透膜結(jié)垢的因素主要包括水的硬度和懸浮物含量、水中的SiO2含量,以及廢水中的細(xì)菌、病毒和其他有機物等。試驗研究了SiO2溶解度與溫度、pH的關(guān)系,計算出了最佳的反滲透運行條件,最大限度地降低反滲透濃水中SiO2造成的膜污堵。結(jié)果表明,進水溫度在30～35℃,pH值范圍為8.5-10,可以有效地提高反滲透水中硅的極限溶解濃度。在阻垢劑投加量的確定試驗結(jié)果是,阻垢劑加藥量推薦為2mg/L,比常規(guī)系統(tǒng)投加量大大減少。試驗結(jié)果,反滲透污堵現(xiàn)象大大改善,脫鹽率穩(wěn)定保持在97%以上,產(chǎn)水回收率達(dá)到90%以上,滿足火電廠鍋爐補給水用水要求。結(jié)果證明此工藝可行,并為后續(xù)工業(yè)化設(shè)計提供了數(shù)據(jù)和參考。 由于高效反滲透技術(shù)未進行中試研究,未將此技術(shù)用于工程設(shè)計。本課題以石景山電廠循環(huán)排污水處理系統(tǒng)作為一個工程實例進行研究,本系統(tǒng)采用傳統(tǒng)UF+RO工藝。研究分析了石景山電廠‘在實行循環(huán)排污水利用的新的循環(huán)水平衡狀況,對系統(tǒng)的裝置、水質(zhì)、運行數(shù)據(jù)、經(jīng)濟效益進行了詳細(xì)跟蹤觀察和研究。掌握了一套完整的預(yù)處理系統(tǒng)、超濾系統(tǒng)、反滲透系統(tǒng)運行數(shù)據(jù)。并與高效反滲透技術(shù)進行對比。得出結(jié)論,可以實現(xiàn)高效反滲透技術(shù)在循環(huán)水處理系統(tǒng)的工業(yè)化應(yīng)用。 從理論到試驗,再到工程實踐,本課題為高效反滲透技術(shù)應(yīng)用于循環(huán)排污水處理后續(xù)工業(yè)化設(shè)計和應(yīng)用提供了各種數(shù)據(jù)和參考。
[Abstract]:Thermal power plant with large amount of water, the maximum amount of circulating water in power plant water accounted for more than 70% of the total. In order to reduce the amount of supplementary water, must carry on the desalination of water in the system. The process of using ion exchange equipment in addition to salt system complex, difficult to maintain, covers an area of large, operation pH can cause two pollution on the environment, higher operation cost disadvantages. This topic provides a new set of complete in the treatment of circulating water, reliable industrial solutions, improve the circulating water reuse ratio. In the domestic, high efficient reverse osmosis technology has not been a pilot Study on the treatment of circulating water in the project will never have the technology for engineering design. This paper designs an efficient reverse osmosis process by lime softening, CO2 removal, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, reverse osmosis treatment consisting of circulating sewage process, and conducted a series of experiments. In addition, this topic Taking the wastewater treatment system of Shijingshan power plant as an example, the actual water quality and equipment operation data are analyzed, which will provide references for future pilot and engineering applications.
The test of circulating water pretreatment for the removal of circulating sewage water hardness pool lime softening, self cleaning disc filter for suspended solids and colloidal filter in wastewater, CO2 removal device for the removal of C02, thereby reducing the carbonate hardness. Ultrafiltration for the removal of turbidity and suspended matter, and ensure that the content of COD in the effluent meet the water requirement of reverse osmosis device. The experimental results show that the wastewater in the temporary hardness and suspended solids can be effectively removed, the removal rate of CODcr is about 57.4% compared with the circulating sewage water, the removal rate of turbidity bicarbonate and carbonate content is about 43%. in water is greatly reduced. The results show that the temperature and pH value have great influence for the operation of the system. To determine the pretreatment also is very important to the protection of the ultrafiltration membrane and save energy reasonable ultrafiltration backwashing cycle. According to the lime softening pool, since the pre cleaning disc filter and CO2 removal technology The effluent was adjusted to 30-35 C by ultrafiltration, the water yield of ultrafiltration was 65L/min, the backwash cycle was 45min, and the adjustment of the reverse osmosis water intake pH to pH was adjusted to 8~10, which is a very reasonable operation method. The effluent quality can completely meet the requirements of reverse osmosis water intake.
Reverse osmosis test, resulting in reverse osmosis hardness and suspended solids content in membrane fouling mainly include water, SiO2 content in water and wastewater, bacteria, viruses and other organisms. The experimental study on the solubility of SiO2 and temperature, pH, the anti penetration of the best operating conditions of the calculation, the maximum in order to reduce the reverse osmosis membrane pollution caused by SiO2 concentrated water plugging. The results showed that the water temperature at 30~35 degrees, the pH value is in the range of 8.5-10, can effectively improve the reverse osmosis water. The concentration of dissolved silicon limit in determining the scale inhibitor dosage test result, scale inhibitor dosage recommended for 2mg/L, greatly reduced compared to the conventional dosage system. The test results, the reverse osmosis fouling phenomenon has greatly improved, the desalting rate remained stable at 97% above the water recovery rate reaches above 90%, to meet the requirements of water supply water in the power plant boiler. The results show that this technology is feasible, and for The continued industrial design provides data and reference.
Due to the high efficiency of reverse osmosis technology without pilot study, not the technology for use in engineering design. This paper takes the Shijingshan power plant circulating sewage treatment system as a case study, the traditional UF+RO technology is adopted in this system. Research and analysis of the Shijingshan power plant circulating water balance "in the new implementation of circulating sewage utilization. Device, system of water quality, operation data, carried out a detailed economic observation and research. The pretreatment system, a complete set of ultrafiltration system, reverse osmosis system running data. And compared with the high efficient reverse osmosis technology. The conclusion, can realize high efficient reverse osmosis technology applications in the industrial circulating water system processing.
From theory to experiment, and then to engineering practice, this project provides various data and references for the application of high efficiency reverse osmosis technology in the subsequent industrial design and application of circulating sewage treatment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X773

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