本文選題：海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：復(fù)雜地形風(fēng)電場(chǎng)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：風(fēng)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行中,受風(fēng)速隨機(jī)性和機(jī)組狀態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)性等影響,承受復(fù)雜的交變載荷,使材料內(nèi)部缺陷不斷形成、累積和發(fā)展,并導(dǎo)致材料性能逐漸劣化,形成疲勞損傷。在疲勞損傷達(dá)到閡值前,需要對(duì)機(jī)組進(jìn)行維護(hù),避免災(zāi)變。本論文針對(duì)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)各機(jī)組疲勞損傷不均勻?qū)е虏糠謾C(jī)組可靠性低的問題,以及風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞優(yōu)化和有功功率控制顧此失彼的現(xiàn)狀,研究風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞分布和有功功率統(tǒng)一控制方法,在保證風(fēng)電場(chǎng)有功功率跟蹤電網(wǎng)要求的前提下,提高風(fēng)電場(chǎng)各機(jī)組疲勞損傷的均勻性,避免部分機(jī)組疲勞損傷突出,提高機(jī)組的可靠性,降低風(fēng)電場(chǎng)故障概率和臨時(shí)維護(hù)量,降低維護(hù)成本,綜合優(yōu)化風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的電網(wǎng)友好性和運(yùn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)性。主要內(nèi)容包括：1.通過建立風(fēng)電機(jī)組疲勞損傷和機(jī)組有功功率的關(guān)聯(lián),提出了風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞分布和有功功率統(tǒng)一控制原理,充分利用電網(wǎng)要求風(fēng)電場(chǎng)限值發(fā)電形成的機(jī)組有功功率調(diào)節(jié)自由度,以風(fēng)電場(chǎng)各機(jī)組有功功率協(xié)調(diào)為手段,優(yōu)化風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞分布,實(shí)現(xiàn)風(fēng)電場(chǎng)電網(wǎng)友好性和疲勞均勻性的綜合優(yōu)化。2.提出了與電網(wǎng)協(xié)調(diào)的風(fēng)電機(jī)組有功功率控制方法,為風(fēng)電場(chǎng)和風(fēng)電機(jī)組響應(yīng)電網(wǎng)擾動(dòng)、按指定功率運(yùn)行提供執(zhí)行層面的基礎(chǔ)。通過改進(jìn)變槳距控制狀態(tài)機(jī),開發(fā)快速跟蹤機(jī)組參考功率的槳距角計(jì)算方法,使機(jī)組具備快速、持續(xù)調(diào)節(jié)有功功率響應(yīng)電網(wǎng)擾動(dòng)的能力；基于現(xiàn)有主流變槳距系統(tǒng)集成改進(jìn)后的變槳距控制策略,不但適用于新型機(jī)組也適用于已有機(jī)組。仿真說明了方法的有效性。3.基于尾流效應(yīng)對(duì)海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)風(fēng)速、機(jī)組有功功率、機(jī)組疲勞的作用機(jī)理,提出了海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞分布與有功功率優(yōu)化策略。通過按尾流傳播路徑對(duì)機(jī)組分組,合理設(shè)定疲勞優(yōu)化閾值等措施,降低求解控制方程的計(jì)算復(fù)雜性和計(jì)算規(guī)模；面向多代理技術(shù)給出了控制策略的分布式實(shí)現(xiàn)方案,可基于風(fēng)電機(jī)組控制器、現(xiàn)有風(fēng)電場(chǎng)通信系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn),具備工程可用性。對(duì)Horns Rev風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的仿真說明了方法對(duì)海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞和有功功率綜合優(yōu)化的有效性。4.分別用解析方法和智能方法描述地形地貌和尾流效應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜地形風(fēng)電場(chǎng)風(fēng)速的綜合影響,進(jìn)一步分析風(fēng)速特性與機(jī)組有功功率、疲勞的關(guān)聯(lián),提出了復(fù)雜地形風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞分布與有功功率統(tǒng)一優(yōu)化方法。并提出了一種適用于各種風(fēng)速模型的實(shí)值編碼遺傳算法,可基于常見工控機(jī)高效搜索優(yōu)化方程最優(yōu)解,提供策略實(shí)現(xiàn)的通用性和工程可用性。通過對(duì)某山地風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的仿真,對(duì)比分析了不同風(fēng)速模型對(duì)控制結(jié)果的影響,并驗(yàn)證了所提出的方法對(duì)復(fù)雜地形風(fēng)電場(chǎng)疲勞和有功功率綜合優(yōu)化的有效性。5.根據(jù)風(fēng)電機(jī)組疲勞機(jī)理,以及風(fēng)電機(jī)組有功功率、紊流強(qiáng)度對(duì)機(jī)組疲勞的影響權(quán)重,提出了一種既適用于海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)又適用于復(fù)雜地形風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的疲勞分布與有功功率綜合優(yōu)化方法。該方法以按機(jī)組疲勞反比例分配有功功率為核心,對(duì)計(jì)算資源、計(jì)算平臺(tái)無要求,具有適用面廣、便于工程實(shí)現(xiàn)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)。通過對(duì)Horns Rev海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)和某山地風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的仿真,驗(yàn)證了方法的通用性和可行性,并得到了該方法適用于限電比例較高的任意風(fēng)電場(chǎng)的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The operation of wind turbine, affected by the randomness and unit state dynamics of wind speed, under complex alternating load, the internal defects of materials forming, accumulation and development, and lead to a gradual deterioration of material properties, the formation of fatigue damage. The fatigue damage reaches the threshold value, the need for unit maintenance, to avoid catastrophe in this paper. Each wind turbine unit fatigue damage due to the uneven part of the problem of low reliability of the unit, and the wind fatigue optimization and active power control of wind farm care for this and lose that status, fatigue distribution and active power control method in a system, ensure that the wind power grid tracking requirements, improve the uniformity of wind damage the electric field of each unit of fatigue, avoid fatigue damage prominent part of the unit, improve the reliability and reduce the failure probability of the temporary maintenance of wind farm, reduce maintenance costs, comprehensive optimization Grid friendly and economical operation of the wind farm. The main contents include: 1. through the association to establish active power of wind turbine and the fatigue damage of the unit, put forward the principle of unified control of wind farm active power distribution and fatigue, make full use of wind farm grid requirements limit freedom of regulation of active power generation units formed by. The active power of each wind turbine unit coordination as a means to optimize the distribution of wind farm.2. comprehensive optimization of fatigue, wind farm grid friendly and fatigue uniformity of the proposed active power control method of wind turbine and the power grid coordination, wind farms and wind turbines in response to disturbance, provide the basis to the specified level of execution power operation through the improvement of pitch control state machine, calculation method of pitch angle development fast track reference power unit, the unit has a rapid, sustained response to regulate active power grid Disturbance ability; pitch the existing mainstream pitch system integrated the improved control strategy based on the distance, is not only suitable for the new unit is also applicable to the existing unit. Simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of.3. method based on wake effect on sea wind speed, power, mechanism of unit fatigue, proposed offshore wind the electric field distribution of fatigue and active power optimization strategy. By pressing the wake propagation path of the packet unit, a reasonable set of fatigue threshold optimization and other measures to reduce the computational complexity of solving the control equation and calculation scale; multi agent oriented technology gives the realization scheme of distributed control strategy, can the wind turbine controller based on the existing wind farm communication the system, with engineering availability. The simulation of Horns Rev wind farm shows the validity of the method of.4. offshore wind farm fatigue and active power optimization respectively. Describe the comprehensive effects of topography and wake effects on complex terrain of wind speed by using the analytic method and intelligent method, further analysis of the active power characteristics of the wind and the unit, fatigue Association, put forward the complex terrain of wind farm active power distribution and fatigue unified optimization method. And put forward a kind of suitable for all kinds of wind speed model for real valued encoding the genetic algorithm can optimize the equation the optimal solution of efficient search based on common computer, provide the strategy to achieve generality and usability engineering. By the simulation of a mountain wind farm, comparative analysis of the different wind speed model based on control effects, and validates the proposed method on complex terrain fatigue and active power of wind farm comprehensive optimization of the effectiveness of.5. according to the fatigue mechanism of wind turbine and wind turbines, the active power, the turbulence intensity of the unit weight of fatigue, put forward a Is Yu Hai wind farm and is suitable for the comprehensive optimization of fatigue distribution complex terrain wind farm and active power method. The method according to the proportion of active power unit anti fatigue as the core of computing resources, without computing platform, with the application of a wide range of advantages for engineering realization. Through the simulation of Horns Rev sea the wind farm and a mountain wind farm, to verify the feasibility and generality of the method, and obtained the method is suitable for arbitrary wind power with higher proportion of conclusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM614

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