發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-19 01:28

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng) 孤島檢測(cè) 頻率偏移 檢測(cè)盲區(qū)　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展促使人類社會(huì)加快了對(duì)能源的開采和利用，而隨之而來的能源問題也逐漸被社會(huì)所關(guān)注。能源的枯竭和環(huán)境問題的凸顯，迫使各國在不同程度上加大了對(duì)新能源技術(shù)的投資力度。而分布式供電技術(shù)的發(fā)展，已成為新能源技術(shù)的開發(fā)和利用中不可或缺的環(huán)節(jié)。 在分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)里，一般將風(fēng)力發(fā)電和光伏發(fā)電作為最主要的電源，其供電技術(shù)的研發(fā)也較為成熟。但分布式供電系統(tǒng)與周圍負(fù)載進(jìn)行并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行時(shí)，卻存在一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。其中之一便是分布式系統(tǒng)與電網(wǎng)連接端口因突發(fā)狀況而斷開，分布式發(fā)電系統(tǒng)未能及時(shí)檢測(cè)到此現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，并繼續(xù)向本地用戶輸送電。這種運(yùn)行方式被稱為孤島運(yùn)行。這種計(jì)劃之外的孤島運(yùn)行會(huì)對(duì)電力檢修人員或者電力設(shè)備造成極大的危害。所以，國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中都明確規(guī)定并網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的分布式供電系統(tǒng)中必須具備孤島檢測(cè)功能。 本文主要研究分布式并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中的孤島檢測(cè)方法，對(duì)分布式發(fā)電技術(shù)的概念，孤島現(xiàn)象和孤島發(fā)生的機(jī)理、分類進(jìn)行了闡述。檢測(cè)方式的參數(shù)優(yōu)化和縮小盲區(qū)等方面做了大量分析。目前熱點(diǎn)方法進(jìn)行了分類總結(jié)，對(duì)比各種方法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并針對(duì)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)選定PFAFD法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。傳統(tǒng)的PFAFD檢測(cè)法是基于最基礎(chǔ)的AFD檢測(cè)法上加以前饋而來，目前對(duì)于PFAFD法的研究相對(duì)成熟，有大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以借鑒。但傳統(tǒng)的PFAFD法存在著較多不確定性，最主要體現(xiàn)在比如算法對(duì)檢測(cè)盲區(qū)的影響較大；初始擾動(dòng)值c f0和正反饋增益k的選取對(duì)于電能質(zhì)量的干擾較為突出，負(fù)載各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化對(duì)于檢測(cè)速度的提高這幾點(diǎn)。而本文正是針對(duì)以上幾個(gè)主要問題，利用Q f0Cnorm盲區(qū)描述方法來縮小PFAFD檢測(cè)法的檢測(cè)盲區(qū)。通過數(shù)學(xué)邏輯推導(dǎo)以確定擾動(dòng)頻率值和負(fù)載電阻值以提高PFAFD檢測(cè)法的檢測(cè)速。 最后利用MATLAB/SIMULINK軟件搭建分布式并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的仿真模型，對(duì)本文提出的孤島檢測(cè)法進(jìn)行仿真，驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。同時(shí)，為了增加對(duì)分布式并網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中非計(jì)劃的孤島運(yùn)行的檢測(cè)力度，降低其漏檢的可能性，加之PFAFD法對(duì)頻率這一關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的檢測(cè)便利，，利用STC12C5A60S2型號(hào)單片機(jī)，采用PWM逆變技術(shù)對(duì)孤島效應(yīng)進(jìn)行模擬，同時(shí)使用IR2110芯片對(duì)IGBT進(jìn)行驅(qū)動(dòng)。通過對(duì)PWM波頻率和寬度的控制來改變電壓、頻率和相位從而模擬孤島效應(yīng)的發(fā)生，得到理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的研究成果。從而在PFAFD算法之外加之頻率被動(dòng)檢測(cè)法，借此對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行二次保護(hù)。并搭建硬件的搭建驗(yàn)證其被動(dòng)檢測(cè)法的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrial economy, the human society has accelerated the exploitation and utilization of energy, and the energy problem has gradually been concerned by the society. The development of distributed power supply technology has become an indispensable link in the development and utilization of new energy technology. In the distributed generation technology, wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are generally regarded as the most important power supply, and the research and development of its power supply technology is more mature, but the distributed power supply system is connected with the surrounding load. But there are some risks. One of them is that the connection port between distributed system and power grid is broken because of the sudden situation, and the distributed generation system can not detect this phenomenon in time. And continue to deliver electricity to local users. This mode of operation is called islanding operation. This unplanned island operation can do great harm to electrical maintenance personnel or power equipment. In the international standards, it is clearly stipulated that the distributed power supply system connected to the grid must have the islanding detection function. This paper mainly studies the islanding detection method in distributed grid-connected system, the concept of distributed generation technology, the phenomenon of islanding and the mechanism of islanding. The classification is expounded. The parameter optimization of the detection method and the reduction of blind area are analyzed. The hot spot methods are classified and summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. The traditional PFAFD detection method is based on the most basic AFD detection method feedforward, and the current research on PFAFD method is relatively mature. There are a lot of experience to learn from, but there are many uncertainties in the traditional PFAFD method, such as the algorithm has a greater impact on the detection of blind areas. The selection of initial disturbance value c f 0 and positive feedback gain k is very important to the interference of power quality. The optimization of the load parameters improves the detection speed, and this paper is aimed at the above several main problems. Using Q. F0Cnorm blind area description method is used to reduce the detection blind area of PFAFD detection method. The disturbance frequency value and load resistance value are determined by mathematical logic derivation to improve the detection speed of PFAFD detection method. Finally, the simulation model of distributed grid-connected system is built by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and the islanding detection method proposed in this paper is simulated to verify the experimental results. In order to increase the detection of unplanned island operation in distributed grid-connected system and reduce the possibility of missing detection, the PFAFD method is convenient to detect the key parameter of frequency. The islanding effect is simulated by using STC12C5A60S2 single chip computer and PWM inverter technology. At the same time, the IR2110 chip is used to drive the IGBT. By controlling the frequency and width of the PWM wave, the voltage, frequency and phase are changed to simulate the occurrence of the islanding effect. The research results of combining theory with practice are obtained, and the frequency passive detection method is added to the PFAFD algorithm. In this way, the system is protected twice, and the hardware is built to verify the effectiveness of the passive detection method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TM61

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