【摘要】：橋梁作為交通運(yùn)輸工程中的關(guān)鍵樞紐,移動(dòng)荷載作用下的振動(dòng)問題一直以來都是學(xué)者們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。其中一方面主要是分析橋梁受移動(dòng)荷載作用下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng),它對(duì)橋梁設(shè)計(jì)、行車舒適性評(píng)價(jià)、使用安全性評(píng)估有著重要的理論價(jià)值。另一方面基于移動(dòng)荷載作用下的橋梁振動(dòng)響應(yīng),對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)損傷及未知移動(dòng)荷載進(jìn)行識(shí)別,將更有利于橋梁系統(tǒng)的實(shí)時(shí)健康監(jiān)測(cè)、損傷診斷與評(píng)估,具有實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值與意義。本文針對(duì)移動(dòng)荷載作用下橋梁動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的求解(即動(dòng)力學(xué)正問題)及橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)損傷和移動(dòng)荷載的同步識(shí)別(即動(dòng)力學(xué)反問題)進(jìn)行了分析,主要研究工作具體包括:(1)針對(duì)一般梁橋在移動(dòng)力作用下的豎向動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析,提出了一種基于有限元模型的半解析方法。本方法不依賴于有限元單元類型或形函數(shù),直接由模態(tài)分析得到的離散振型出發(fā);基于信號(hào)采樣定理,提出了一種結(jié)構(gòu)連續(xù)振型的恢復(fù)方法;進(jìn)而推導(dǎo)了一般梁橋豎向動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的封閉解。利用等截面簡(jiǎn)支梁的理論解驗(yàn)證了本方法的準(zhǔn)確性,進(jìn)而以三跨加腋連續(xù)梁橋?yàn)榇?利用半解析表達(dá)式,討論了移動(dòng)力作用下的振動(dòng)規(guī)律。重點(diǎn)分析了荷載移動(dòng)速度、橋梁損傷對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)豎向動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的影響,同時(shí)還闡明了荷載移動(dòng)速度變化引起結(jié)構(gòu)共振的機(jī)理,并給出了跨中撓度極值對(duì)應(yīng)的荷載臨界速度計(jì)算公式。(2)針對(duì)同時(shí)存在未知結(jié)構(gòu)損傷和未知移動(dòng)荷載激勵(lì)的情況,利用移動(dòng)力作用下梁橋結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)迫振動(dòng)響應(yīng),基于聯(lián)邦擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波(FEKF)算法,提出了移動(dòng)力和梁橋結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的同步識(shí)別方法;并結(jié)合l1范數(shù)正則化改善了此反問題求解過程的不適定性。通過簡(jiǎn)支梁的數(shù)值算例分析表明,提出的算法能夠準(zhǔn)確地完成損傷和移動(dòng)力的同步識(shí)別,且具有良好的魯棒性。(3)針對(duì)考慮多次測(cè)量信息融合的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷識(shí)別,提出基于l1范數(shù)正則化的聯(lián)邦擴(kuò)展卡爾曼濾波算法來解決。當(dāng)測(cè)點(diǎn)信息不完整,通過改變傳感器在結(jié)構(gòu)上的測(cè)量位置,獲取不同測(cè)點(diǎn)布置下的多組測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù);并將各組不同的測(cè)量信息各自構(gòu)成FEKF框架里的不同子系統(tǒng),僅融合公有變量已得到結(jié)構(gòu)損傷的最優(yōu)估計(jì)。采用自由振動(dòng)下的簡(jiǎn)支梁和二維框架結(jié)構(gòu),初步驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性。此方法還可繼續(xù)推廣到橋梁受移動(dòng)荷載作用的情況。
[Abstract]:As the key hub of transportation engineering, the vibration of bridge under moving load has always been the focus of scholars. On the one hand, it is mainly to analyze the dynamic response of bridge under moving load, which has important theoretical value for bridge design, evaluation of driving comfort and evaluation of safety in use. On the other hand, based on the vibration response of bridge under moving load, the identification of bridge structure damage and unknown moving load will be more beneficial to the real-time health monitoring, damage diagnosis and evaluation of bridge system. It has practical engineering application value and significance. In this paper, the solution of bridge dynamic response under moving load (i.e. dynamic positive problem) and simultaneous identification of bridge structure damage and moving load (i.e. inverse dynamic problem) are analyzed. The main research work is as follows: (1) A semi-analytical method based on finite element model is proposed to analyze the vertical dynamic response of a general beam bridge under moving dynamic action. This method does not depend on the finite element type or shape function, and starts directly from the discrete mode shape obtained by modal analysis, and based on the signal sampling theorem, a method for restoring the continuous mode shape of the structure is proposed. Furthermore, the closed solution of vertical dynamic response of general beam bridge is derived. The accuracy of the method is verified by the theoretical solution of the simple supported beam with equal section. Then, the vibration law of the three-span continuous beam bridge with axils is discussed by means of semi-analytical expression under the action of moving force. The influence of load moving velocity and bridge damage on the vertical dynamic response of the structure is emphatically analyzed, and the mechanism of structural resonance caused by the change of load moving velocity is also clarified. The calculation formula of critical load velocity corresponding to the extreme value of mid-span deflection is given. (2) in view of the existence of both unknown structural damage and unknown moving load excitation, the forced vibration response of beam bridge structure under the action of moving force is used. Based on the federally extended Kalman filter (FEKF) algorithm, a synchronous identification method for moving force and beam bridge damage is proposed. Combined with L1 norm regularization, the ill-posed process of solving this inverse problem is improved. Numerical examples of simply supported beams show that the proposed algorithm can accurately identify damage and moving forces synchronously, and has good robustness. (3) for the structural damage identification considering multiple measurement information fusion, the proposed algorithm has good robustness. A federated extended Kalman filter (FKF) algorithm based on L1 norm regularization is proposed to solve this problem. When the information of the measuring point is not complete, by changing the measuring position of the sensor in the structure, many groups of measuring data under different layout of the measuring point are obtained. The different measurement information of each group is made up of different subsystems in the framework of FEKF, and only the public variables are fused to obtain the optimal estimation of structural damage. A simple supported beam and a two-dimensional frame structure under free vibration are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This method can also be extended to the case of bridge subjected to moving loads.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U441

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本文編號(hào)：2453431