【摘要】：車輛導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)是智能交通系統(tǒng)(ITS,Intelligent Transport System)的核心內(nèi)容。作為ITS最重要的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng),車輛導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)所依賴的全球定位系統(tǒng)(GPS,Global Positioning System)的定位數(shù)據(jù)卻存在著不可忽視的測量誤差,由此造成車輛的實(shí)際位置與GPS顯示的位置不一致,這樣會(huì)大大降低ITS的應(yīng)用效益。地圖匹配(MM,Map-Matching)是解決這一問題的最經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的方法。地圖匹配是一種基于軟件的定位修正方法,它是將車輛的定位信息和電子地圖中的路網(wǎng)信息結(jié)合到一起考慮,通過一定的算法,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛行駛位置的最優(yōu)估計(jì)。本文論述了現(xiàn)有的關(guān)于地圖匹配算法的國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)狀,綜述了地圖匹配算法的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),分析了影響地圖匹配精度的各種因素,探討了地圖匹配在特殊路段的重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn),挖掘了地圖匹配算法的可用要素,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種基于柵格地圖的要素加權(quán)地圖匹配算法。算法在柵格地圖的基礎(chǔ)上利用網(wǎng)格法確定誤差區(qū)域的方法來減少匹配路段的搜索范圍,用以提高地圖匹配的實(shí)時(shí)性與準(zhǔn)確性,通過考慮車輛行駛的方向、定位點(diǎn)與待匹配路段的距離這兩個(gè)方面的要素,將綜合匹配度最高的路段識(shí)別為車輛行駛的正確路段,并在此路段上估計(jì)車輛行駛的位置。最后,本文依托南京市局部路網(wǎng)以及實(shí)測的GPS浮動(dòng)車數(shù)據(jù),在Matlab環(huán)境下對算法進(jìn)行了測試,并且獲得了整個(gè)程序運(yùn)行的時(shí)間以及匹配的準(zhǔn)確性。測試的結(jié)果表明,本文所提出的具有很好的匹配精度和實(shí)時(shí)性。
[Abstract]:Vehicle navigation system is the core of intelligent transportation system (ITS,Intelligent Transport System). As the most important application system of ITS, the global positioning system (GPS,Global Positioning System) which the vehicle navigation system relies on has the measurement error which cannot be ignored, which causes the vehicle's actual position to be inconsistent with the position displayed by the GPS. This will greatly reduce the application of ITS benefits. Map matching (MM,Map-Matching) is the most economical and effective method to solve this problem. Map matching is a software-based location correction method, which combines the vehicle location information with the road network information in the electronic map, and finally realizes the optimal estimation of the vehicle driving position through a certain algorithm. This paper discusses the current situation of map matching algorithms at home and abroad, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of map matching algorithms, analyzes various factors affecting map matching accuracy, and discusses the key points and difficulties of map matching in special sections. In this paper, the available elements of map matching algorithm are excavated, and a feature weighted map matching algorithm based on grid map is proposed. Based on the grid map, the algorithm uses the grid method to determine the error area to reduce the search range of the matching section, in order to improve the real-time and accuracy of the map matching. The location point and the distance of the road to be matched are two factors, and the section with the highest degree of matching is identified as the correct section of the vehicle, and the location of the vehicle is estimated on this section. Finally, on the basis of Nanjing local road network and the measured data of GPS floating car, the algorithm is tested in Matlab environment, and the running time of the whole program and the accuracy of matching are obtained. The test results show that the proposed method has good matching accuracy and real-time performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TP391.41

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本文編號(hào)：2448216