【摘要】：目的:探討高速公路旁廣告牌的不同規(guī)格、密集度和位置對(duì)駕駛安全的影響。方法:讓取得駕照的被試在QJ-3B1駕駛模擬器行駛車(chē)輛和記憶路邊廣告牌內(nèi)容,駕駛模擬器記錄操作車(chē)輛的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo),Smart Eye眼動(dòng)儀記錄被試在觀(guān)看廣告牌過(guò)程中的各項(xiàng)眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)。一共四個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),自變量為:廣告牌的不同規(guī)格(大、中、小),不同密集度(無(wú)、低、高)和彎道的不同位置(彎道前、彎道中、彎道后);因變量為駕駛指標(biāo)(實(shí)時(shí)速度、跟車(chē)距離、橫向偏移)和眼動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)(總注視次數(shù)、總注視時(shí)間、最長(zhǎng)注視時(shí)間),每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)均是3×2被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)都招募30名已取得駕照的被試,被試的任務(wù)是做跟車(chē)任務(wù)的同時(shí),注意路邊的廣告牌。結(jié)果:實(shí)驗(yàn)1結(jié)果為跟車(chē)時(shí)看不同規(guī)格的廣告牌,實(shí)時(shí)速度、跟車(chē)距離差異不顯著(p0.05),橫向偏移及眼動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)的各指標(biāo)差異顯著(p0.05);彎道和直行相比,跟車(chē)距離、橫向偏移為彎道大于直行(p0.05),其余為彎道小于直行(p0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)2結(jié)果為跟車(chē)時(shí)看不同密集度的廣告牌,無(wú)論彎道還是直行,跟車(chē)距離、橫向偏移、總注視次數(shù)、總注視時(shí)間差異顯著(p0.05),實(shí)時(shí)速度和最長(zhǎng)注視時(shí)間差異不顯著(p0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)3結(jié)果為跟車(chē)時(shí)看彎道不同位置的廣告牌,無(wú)論是駕駛行為還是眼動(dòng)行為均有顯著差異(p0.05);比較左彎和右彎時(shí),橫向偏移、總注視時(shí)間、最長(zhǎng)注視時(shí)間為左彎大于右彎(p0.05),其余為左彎、右彎差異不顯著(p0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)4結(jié)果為跟車(chē)時(shí)看彎道不同位置的廣告牌(廣告牌在道路左邊),除最長(zhǎng)注視時(shí)間沒(méi)有差異外(p0.05),其余各指標(biāo)均有差異(p0.05);比較左彎和右彎,橫向偏移為左彎大于右彎(p0.05),總注視次數(shù)為左彎小于右彎(p0.05),其余為左彎、右彎沒(méi)有差異(p0.05)。結(jié)論:高速公路旁廣告牌對(duì)駕駛安全有影響,具體表現(xiàn)為:(1)廣告牌規(guī)格對(duì)駕駛行為的作用受路型的影響,彎道大于直行;駕駛員的眼動(dòng)行為受廣告牌規(guī)格的影響:大的廣告牌注視次數(shù)多、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)。(2)廣告牌密集度對(duì)駕駛行為的作用受路型的影響。彎道時(shí),密集度高的廣告牌,橫向偏移大,跟車(chē)距離小,影響大,密集度低的廣告牌,橫向偏移小,跟車(chē)距離大,相對(duì)安全。直行時(shí),無(wú)廣告牌時(shí)跟車(chē)距離大,橫向偏移小,密集度低和高沒(méi)有差異。不同的道路類(lèi)型對(duì)駕駛行為有影響,彎道時(shí)影響更大。實(shí)時(shí)速度為彎道小于直行,跟車(chē)距離、橫向偏移為彎道大于直行。(3)無(wú)論廣告牌在道路右邊還是在道路左邊,都是右彎的影響更小;彎道中間位置對(duì)駕駛安全的影響最大,彎道前位置對(duì)駕駛安全的影響最小。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the influence of different specifications, density and location of billboards on driving safety. Methods: the subjects with driving license were asked to drive the vehicle in the QJ-3B1 driving simulator and memorize the contents of the roadside billboard. The driving simulator recorded the indexes of operating the vehicle. The Smart Eye eye movement meter recorded the eye movement index during the course of watching the billboard. A total of four experiments, independent variables are: billboards of different specifications (large, medium, small), different density (none, low, high) and the different position of the bend (before, in, after the bend); The dependent variables were driving index (real-time speed, distance from car, lateral deviation) and eye movement data (total fixation times, total fixation time, longest gaze time). Each experiment was designed within 3 脳 2 subjects. Each experiment recruited 30 people who had obtained a driver's license. The task was to follow the car and pay attention to the billboards on the side of the road. Results: the results of experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference (p0.05) in real-time speed and distance between car and car, while there was significant difference in lateral deviation and eye movement data (p0.05). Compared with the straight path, the lateral deviation of the curve is larger than that of the straight (p0.05), and the others are smaller than the straight (p0.05). The results of experiment 2 showed that there were significant differences in the following distance, lateral deviation, total fixation times and total fixation time between different concentration billboards when following the car (p0.05), whether it was curved or straight, the distance from the car, the lateral deviation, the total fixation times and the total fixation time (p0.05). There was no significant difference between real-time speed and maximum fixation time (p0.05). The results of experiment 3 showed that there were significant differences in driving behavior and eye movement behavior between different positions of billboards when following the car (p0.05). When the left and right bends were compared, the lateral offset, the total fixation time, and the longest fixation time were left bend greater than right bend (p0.05), while the others were left bend, and there was no significant difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 showed that there was no difference in the longest watching time (p0.05) except for the billboards (the billboards were on the left side of the road). All the other indexes were different (p0.05). The results of experiment 4 were as follows: (1) there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with the left and right bends, the lateral offset of left bend was greater than that of right bend (p0.05), the total fixation times of left bend was smaller than that of right bend (p0.05), the others were left bend, and there was no difference between right bend and left bend (p0.05). Conclusion: the billboard on the side of highway has influence on driving safety, including: (1) the effect of billboard specification on driving behavior is influenced by road type, and the bend is larger than the straight road; Driver's eye movement behavior is affected by billboard specifications: large billboard gaze times, long time. (2) the effect of billboard intensity on driving behavior is influenced by road type. When bending, the billboard with high density has a large lateral offset, a small distance from the car, a large influence, a low concentration of billboards, a small lateral offset, a large distance from the car, and is relatively safe. When straight, when no billboard, the distance to the car is large, the lateral offset is small, the density is low and the height is not different. Different road types have an impact on driving behavior, and the bend has a greater impact. The real-time speed is less than straight, distance from car, lateral offset is larger than straight. (3) whether the billboard is on the right side of the road or on the left side of the road, the influence of the right corner is less; The middle position of the bend has the greatest influence on the driving safety, and the position in front of the bend has the least effect on the driving safety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.25

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