【摘要】：著名的塔科馬大橋風(fēng)致顫振損毀讓人們意識(shí)到橋梁抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)在橋梁設(shè)計(jì)中舉足輕重的地位。隨著橋梁設(shè)計(jì)建造能力的增強(qiáng),現(xiàn)代橋梁跨徑越來(lái)越大,體系越來(lái)越輕柔,對(duì)風(fēng)荷載更加敏感。橋梁抗風(fēng)問(wèn)題更加凸顯出來(lái)。隨著結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,調(diào)諧減振技術(shù)的理論研究變得更加成熟,應(yīng)用也更加廣泛。作為主要的調(diào)諧減振裝置,調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器也被廣泛應(yīng)用到結(jié)構(gòu)防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程中。調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器是一種比較靈活有效的減振措施,能夠針對(duì)不同的需求進(jìn)行減振設(shè)計(jì)。調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器系統(tǒng)能夠有效地減弱結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力效應(yīng),廣泛應(yīng)用在高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和高聳結(jié)構(gòu)及橋梁的抗震抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)中。本文選取某大跨徑斜拉橋作為工程實(shí)例,對(duì)下面幾個(gè)問(wèn)題作了研究:(1)研究了調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器工作原理及在斜拉橋抗風(fēng)中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展,對(duì)其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)做出論述。(2)介紹了自然風(fēng)和脈動(dòng)風(fēng)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,研究橋梁靜風(fēng)穩(wěn)定性,介紹扭轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)散和橫向屈曲臨界風(fēng)速的計(jì)算方法。采用諧波合成法,由目標(biāo)功率譜函數(shù)人工模擬空間脈動(dòng)風(fēng)場(chǎng),水平(順風(fēng)向)脈動(dòng)風(fēng)譜采用Simiu風(fēng)譜模型而豎向脈動(dòng)風(fēng)譜采用Lumley-Pnofsky風(fēng)譜模型,得到了該斜拉橋隨機(jī)風(fēng)場(chǎng)時(shí)程樣本。模擬譜和目標(biāo)譜吻合的較好,并且模擬各點(diǎn)的模擬譜也非常接近。(3)利用有限元軟件ANSYS,建立阻尼器減振系統(tǒng)的仿真分析,得到該橋梁的三維模型,進(jìn)行動(dòng)力特性分析,研究調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器的影響參數(shù)。通過(guò)調(diào)整控制器阻尼比參數(shù)和布置方式,對(duì)比分析其對(duì)風(fēng)致顫振的影響。結(jié)果表明:布置一和較大的阻尼比能夠一定程度上提高顫振臨界風(fēng)速;臨界風(fēng)速阻尼比越大,臨界風(fēng)速越大,但提升幅度較小。(4)改變阻尼器的布置方式和參數(shù),對(duì)比分析不同布置方案下,阻尼器對(duì)橋梁風(fēng)致側(cè)向抖振的影響。ANSYS計(jì)算結(jié)果表明:安裝了阻尼器的橋梁風(fēng)致側(cè)向抖振位移與加速度根方差減小,并且抖振控制效果與控制器的布置相關(guān)�？刂破鲄�(shù)的合理選取,調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器的優(yōu)化布置,會(huì)使橋梁的風(fēng)致側(cè)向抖振的減振效果更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Wind-induced flutter damage of the famous Tacoma Bridge makes people realize the importance of bridge wind-resistant design in bridge design. With the enhancement of bridge design and construction ability, modern bridge span is becoming larger and larger, the system is more and more soft, and more sensitive to wind load. The problem of bridge wind resistance is more prominent. With the rapid development of structural vibration control technology, the theoretical research of tuned vibration control technology has become more mature and widely used. As the main tuned vibration absorber, tuned mass damper is widely used in structural disaster prevention and mitigation engineering. Tuned mass damper (TMD) is a flexible and effective damping measure, which can be designed for different needs. The tuned mass damper system can effectively reduce the dynamic effect of the structure, and is widely used in the seismic and wind resistant design of high-rise building structures, high-rise structures and bridges. In this paper, a long-span cable-stayed bridge is selected as an engineering example. The following problems are studied: (1) the working principle of tuned mass damper and its application in wind resistance of cable-stayed bridge are studied. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed. (2) the influence of natural wind and pulsating wind on the structure, the stability of bridge static wind and the calculation method of torsional divergence and transverse buckling critical wind speed are introduced. Using harmonic synthesis method, the space pulsating wind field is artificially simulated by the target power spectrum function. The horizontal (downwind) pulsation wind spectrum is modeled by Simiu wind spectrum model and the vertical pulsating wind spectrum is modeled by Lumley-Pnofsky wind spectrum model. The random wind time history samples of the cable-stayed bridge are obtained. The simulated spectrum coincides well with the target spectrum, and the simulated spectrum of each point is very close. (3) using finite element software ANSYS, to establish the simulation analysis of the damper damping system, the three-dimensional model of the bridge is obtained, and the dynamic characteristics of the bridge are analyzed. The influence parameters of tuned mass dampers are studied. By adjusting the damping ratio parameters and the layout of the controller, the effect of the damping ratio on the wind-induced flutter is compared and analyzed. The results show that the flutter critical wind speed can be improved to some extent with the first and larger damping ratio. The larger the critical wind speed damping ratio is, the greater the critical wind speed is, but the smaller the lifting range is. (4) changing the layout and parameters of the damper, comparing and analyzing the different arrangement schemes, ANSYS calculation results show that the variance of lateral buffeting displacement and acceleration root of bridge wind induced by dampers is reduced, and the effect of buffeting control is related to the layout of the controller. The reasonable selection of controller parameters and the optimal arrangement of tuned mass dampers will make the wind-induced lateral buffeting of bridges more effective.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U441.3;U448.27

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