【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程的大力推進(jìn),居民機(jī)動車保有量保持持續(xù)增長態(tài)勢,使我國很快進(jìn)入了機(jī)動化時代。但是,道路交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)遠(yuǎn)跟不上交通需求的增長,激化了交通供需矛盾。尤其在城市繁華的中心區(qū)域,擁堵程度越來越嚴(yán)重,多數(shù)城市還沒有來得及享受汽車時代帶來的便利,就已經(jīng)開始承受交通擁擠造成的負(fù)外部效應(yīng),這嚴(yán)重地影響了城市中心區(qū)功能的正常發(fā)揮和城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。發(fā)達(dá)國家的經(jīng)驗表明,擁擠收費(fèi)和停車收費(fèi)都是緩解城市交通壓力的有效辦法,它們通過價格機(jī)制影響出行選擇、優(yōu)化交通需求結(jié)構(gòu),使交通系統(tǒng)向良性方向發(fā)展。過去對兩種收費(fèi)方式的研究都是分開進(jìn)行的。但是,由于擁擠收費(fèi)實施的難度大,停車收費(fèi)在解決交通問題上的次優(yōu)性,使得單一收費(fèi)策略緩解交通壓力效果不是很理想,因此,國內(nèi)外一些大城市開始考慮同時實施這兩種交通需求管理措施。將兩種收費(fèi)方式結(jié)合起來研究,將有助于解決停車收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)及交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)維護(hù)的資金籌集問題,同時也有助于獲得更多的公眾支持,為解決城市交通擁擠問題找到新方法。本文對城郊-市區(qū)的私家車出行者征收區(qū)域擁擠費(fèi)用和停車費(fèi)用的情形展開討論。生活在城市郊區(qū)的出行者在去往城市中心區(qū)域時,有兩種出行方式可以選擇:全程駕駛私家車或者在固定換乘點換乘公共交通。在這樣的雙出行方式的混合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,通過聯(lián)合收費(fèi)增加出行者的出行成本,進(jìn)而分析對出行者的方式選擇、路徑選擇等產(chǎn)生的影響,并建立聯(lián)合收費(fèi)的雙層優(yōu)化模型。在該模型中,上層模型以消費(fèi)者盈余最大為目標(biāo),下層建立了滿足混合交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)隨機(jī)用戶均衡條件的變分不等式模型。在模型的構(gòu)建過程中,出行成本的計算充分考慮了我國道路交通混合交通流間的相互影響作用,交通方式劃分時考慮了私家車和公用交通的單車載客量差異,使建立的模型更貼近實際。模型采用混沌模擬退火算法進(jìn)行求解,并利用簡單的路網(wǎng)進(jìn)行算例分析測試。算例結(jié)果表明,聯(lián)合收費(fèi)策略能對私家車出行者產(chǎn)生較大的抑制作用,促使更多出行者選擇停車換乘。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy and the development of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles in China keeps increasing continuously, which makes our country enter the motorization era very quickly. However, the construction of road traffic infrastructure can not keep up with the growth of traffic demand, which intensifies the contradiction between supply and demand. Especially in the downtown areas of the city, the degree of congestion is becoming more and more serious, most cities have not had time to enjoy the convenience brought about by the automobile age, they have already begun to bear the negative external effects caused by the traffic congestion. This seriously affects the function of urban center and the sustainable development of the city. The experience of developed countries shows that congestion charge and parking charge are both effective methods to relieve urban traffic pressure. They influence travel choice through price mechanism, optimize the structure of traffic demand, and make the traffic system develop in a benign direction. In the past, studies of the two methods of charging were carried out separately. However, due to the difficulty of implementing congestion charges, parking charges in solving traffic problems in the sub-optimal, making a single toll strategy to alleviate traffic pressure effect is not very good, therefore, Some big cities at home and abroad began to consider the implementation of these two traffic demand management measures. A combination of the two methods of charging will help to raise funds for the construction and maintenance of parking toll systems and transport infrastructure, and will also help to gain more public support. To find a new way to solve the problem of urban traffic congestion. This paper discusses the situation of private car travelers in suburban-urban areas who charge regional congestion and parking fees. Travelers living on the outskirts of the city have two options: to drive a private car all the way to the center of the city or to transfer to public transport at a fixed transfer point. In such a dual-trip hybrid transportation network, the travel costs of travelers are increased through joint charges, and then the influence on the mode selection and path selection of travelers is analyzed, and a bilevel optimization model of combined charges is established. In this model, the upper level model takes the maximum consumer surplus as the goal, and the lower layer establishes the variational inequality model which satisfies the stochastic user equilibrium condition of the hybrid traffic network. In the process of constructing the model, the calculation of travel cost takes into account the interaction between the mixed traffic flow of road traffic in our country, and the difference of bicycle capacity between private cars and public traffic is taken into account in the division of traffic modes. The established model is more realistic. Chaotic simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the model, and a simple road network is used to analyze and test the model. The results show that the combined charging strategy can inhibit private car passengers greatly, and promote more passengers to choose to park and transfer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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本文編號：2427824