【摘要】：鐵路在修建過程中,為滿足規(guī)劃設(shè)計等要求,經(jīng)常要穿越地質(zhì)條件復雜的地區(qū)。特別是近些年來,隨著施工工藝水平的提高及國家整體規(guī)劃的需要,隧道工程的施工難度越來越大。在多數(shù)情況下,由于地質(zhì)條件復雜多變,僅依靠地質(zhì)勘查資料無法滿足隧道施工要求,導致隧道在修建的過程中經(jīng)常發(fā)生安全事故,諸如坍塌、突水、突泥等。TSP(Tunnel Seismic Prediction)技術(shù)就是專門針對隧道工程可能遇到的多種地質(zhì)災害問題設(shè)計的預報系統(tǒng)。TSP技術(shù)采集方便快捷,不影響施工,可有效探測隧道掌子面前方至少100m的范圍,多與其他短距離探測方法配合使用。由于其在中長距離探測上的諸多優(yōu)勢,在工程上得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但在實際探測時,現(xiàn)場情況復雜多變及從業(yè)人員技術(shù)水平有限,導致探測數(shù)據(jù)的解譯結(jié)果有時不能滿足施工要求。本文針對這類問題,主要做了如下研究:1.通過闡述地震波的分類、傳播特性、波動方程、運動學和動力學特性、反射波時距曲線等內(nèi)容,介紹了 TSP技術(shù)的工作原理及地震波在巖石介質(zhì)中的傳播特征。2.以隧道工程中常見的地質(zhì)病害為基礎(chǔ),建立了斷層破碎帶、含水溶洞、含水薄層三大類共九個模型,利用有限差分軟件Tesseral-2D對模型進行正演模擬,分析每種模型的波場響應(yīng)特征,橫向?qū)Ρ攘嗣款惸Ｐ偷奶綔y效果,分析可能出現(xiàn)誤判的情況,為TSP系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)解譯工作提供理論參考。3.梳理了 TSP系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)采集、處理和解釋整個流程。從原理角度對TSP數(shù)據(jù)處理的每個步驟進行了詳細解釋,避免因處理過程不當導致數(shù)據(jù)解釋出現(xiàn)偏差。利用BIM系列軟件CATIA初步建立TSP數(shù)據(jù)的三維地質(zhì)模型,可視化TSP數(shù)據(jù)解譯結(jié)果,可為今后相關(guān)工程提供參考。4.以黔張常鐵路某隧道為例,針對病害的實測數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果進行研究,結(jié)合數(shù)值模擬中相對應(yīng)的模型,分析TSP在實際探測的效果。最后總結(jié)歸納了 TSP超前地質(zhì)預報的實用性和有效性,并對今后的工作提出建議。
[Abstract]:During the construction of the railway, in order to meet the requirements of planning and design, it is often necessary to cross the complicated areas of geological conditions. Especially in recent years, with the improvement of the construction technology level and the need of national overall planning, the construction difficulty of the tunnel project is becoming more and more difficult. In most cases, because the geological conditions are complex and changeable, only the geological exploration data can not meet the construction requirements of the tunnel, so that safety accidents often occur during the construction of the tunnel, such as the collapse of the tunnel, the process of water and the process of the process. The TSP (Tunnel Seismic Prediction) technology is a kind of forecasting system specially designed for many kinds of geological hazards that may be encountered in the tunnel project. The TSP technology is convenient and fast to collect, does not affect the construction, can effectively detect the range of at least 100m ahead of the tunnel palm surface, and can be used in combination with other short distance detection methods. Because of its many advantages in the long-distance detection, it has been widely used in engineering. However, at the time of actual detection, the situation of the site is complex and the technical level of the personnel is limited, and the interpretation result of the detection data can not meet the construction requirements. In this paper, the following research is done on this kind of problem: 1. By describing the classification, propagation characteristics, wave equation, kinematics and dynamics of the seismic wave, the reflection wave time-distance curve and so on, the working principle of the TSP and the propagation characteristics of the seismic wave in the rock media are introduced. Based on the common geological hazards in the tunnel engineering, nine models of fault fracture zone, water-bearing karst cave and water-bearing thin-layer three-large class are established, and the model is simulated by the finite difference software, Tessal-2D, and the wave field response characteristics of each model are analyzed. The detection results of each kind of model are compared, and the case of misjudgment can be analyzed, and the theoretical reference for the data interpretation of the TSP system is provided. The data acquisition, processing and interpretation of the TSP system are sorted out. Each step of TSP data processing is explained in detail from the principle point of view, and the deviation of data interpretation due to improper handling process is avoided. The three-dimensional geological model of TSP data is set up by using the BIM series software CATIA, and the result of the interpretation of the TSP data can provide reference for future related works. In this paper, based on the measured data of the disease and the corresponding model in the numerical simulation, the effect of TSP on the actual detection is analyzed. Finally, the practicability and effectiveness of TSP advanced geological prediction are summarized, and suggestions for future work are put forward.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U452

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