重慶主城區(qū)行人過街交通特性研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-26 12:33
【摘要】：隨著機動車保有量不斷增加,交通擁堵問題日益明顯,從機動車角度解決交通問題已經(jīng)成為常態(tài)思路,由此引發(fā)人車之間的矛盾不減反增。從行人角度改善交通問題勢在必行,因為行人是城市交通中不可或缺的一部分,研究行人的過街行為及心理特征是開展行人過街設(shè)施建設(shè)和改善的基礎(chǔ),同時也是提高交通運行效率的重要環(huán)節(jié)。目前,解決行人過街交通問題大多都是從客觀環(huán)境的角度去考慮,往往忽視了行人自身的心理感受,造成過街設(shè)施的利用率不高,行人違章現(xiàn)象屢禁不止。本論文主要從心理學的角度對行人過街交通行為進行定性和定量的分析。在進行科學調(diào)查的前提下,對重慶主城區(qū)行人過街交通特性進行分析,引入心理學原理建立不同環(huán)境下行人過街方式偏好度模型,定性地描述了行人過街方式的選擇過程,量化了過街方式選擇的偏好程度,從行人的角度對過街設(shè)施的設(shè)置提供建議和意見。首先,通過實地調(diào)查對重慶市主城區(qū)行人過街行為的過程及特征進行分析,對行人過街的交通流參數(shù)做出描述,對行人過街的違章過程、違章率及違章因素進行分析。其次,從心理層面調(diào)查分析重慶市行人過街違章心理、行人過街溢出心理、行人過街設(shè)施偏好心理、行人過街安全心理距離、行人過街心理可接受繞行距離、行人過街心理極限等待時間等內(nèi)容,為行人的過街行為提供了合理的解釋。然后,基于心理學原理中的前景理論及直覺模糊數(shù)決策方法,對行人過街方式偏好進行研究,建立行人過街方式偏好度模型,從行人的角度對過街設(shè)施的設(shè)置提供建議和意見。最后,對重慶市南岸區(qū)幾個具有代表性的區(qū)域(商圈、學校、居民區(qū)、寫字樓)做實例分析。以調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合心理學原理,分別得出四個典型區(qū)中行人對各種過街方式的偏好程度,排序并選擇偏好度最大的過街方式作為合理設(shè)置過街設(shè)施的依據(jù)。將問卷調(diào)查所得的結(jié)果與模型結(jié)果進行對比校驗,驗證了此模型的有效性和實用性。論文的研究成果為行人過街設(shè)施的合理設(shè)置與優(yōu)化提供了參考,對建設(shè)部門規(guī)劃建設(shè)道路慢行交通系統(tǒng)提供一定參考意見。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the problem of traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious. Solving traffic problems from the perspective of motor vehicles has become the normal way of thinking, which leads to the conflict between people and cars not reduce but increase. It is imperative to improve traffic problems from the perspective of pedestrians, because pedestrians are an indispensable part of urban traffic. The study of pedestrian behavior and psychological characteristics is the basis for the construction and improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities. At the same time, it is also an important link to improve the efficiency of traffic operation. At present, most of the pedestrian traffic problems are considered from the perspective of the objective environment, often ignoring the psychological feelings of pedestrians, resulting in a low utilization rate of crossing facilities, pedestrian violations. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic behavior qualitatively and quantitatively from the perspective of psychology. On the premise of scientific investigation, the characteristics of pedestrian crossing traffic in Chongqing main urban area are analyzed, and the preference model of pedestrian crossing mode under different circumstances is established by introducing psychological principle, and the selection process of pedestrian crossing mode is described qualitatively. This paper quantifies the preference degree of crossing mode choice, and provides suggestions and opinions on the setting of crossing facilities from the point of view of pedestrians. Firstly, the paper analyzes the process and characteristics of pedestrian crossing behavior in Chongqing's main urban area, describes the traffic flow parameters of pedestrian crossing, and analyzes the illegal process, violation rate and illegal factors of pedestrian crossing. Secondly, the psychological investigation and analysis of pedestrian crossing violation, pedestrian overflow, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can be accepted detour distance, pedestrian crossing overflowing psychology, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can accept detour distance. The psychological limit waiting time provides a reasonable explanation for pedestrian's crossing behavior. Then, based on the foreground theory and intuitionistic fuzzy number decision method of psychological principle, the preference of pedestrian crossing mode is studied, and the model of pedestrian crossing mode preference is established, and the advice and opinion on the setting of crossing facilities are provided from the point of view of pedestrians. Finally, several representative areas (business district, school, residential area, office building) in Nanan District of Chongqing are analyzed. Based on the investigation data and the psychological principle, the authors obtained the degree of preference of the people in the four typical districts for various crossing modes, and chose the crossing mode with the highest preference as the basis for reasonably setting up the crossing facilities. The validity and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the results of the questionnaire with the results of the model. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the reasonable setting and optimization of pedestrian crossing facilities, and provide some reference advice for the construction department to plan and build the road slow traffic system.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491
本文編號：2415486
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles, the problem of traffic congestion is becoming more and more obvious. Solving traffic problems from the perspective of motor vehicles has become the normal way of thinking, which leads to the conflict between people and cars not reduce but increase. It is imperative to improve traffic problems from the perspective of pedestrians, because pedestrians are an indispensable part of urban traffic. The study of pedestrian behavior and psychological characteristics is the basis for the construction and improvement of pedestrian crossing facilities. At the same time, it is also an important link to improve the efficiency of traffic operation. At present, most of the pedestrian traffic problems are considered from the perspective of the objective environment, often ignoring the psychological feelings of pedestrians, resulting in a low utilization rate of crossing facilities, pedestrian violations. This paper analyzes the pedestrian traffic behavior qualitatively and quantitatively from the perspective of psychology. On the premise of scientific investigation, the characteristics of pedestrian crossing traffic in Chongqing main urban area are analyzed, and the preference model of pedestrian crossing mode under different circumstances is established by introducing psychological principle, and the selection process of pedestrian crossing mode is described qualitatively. This paper quantifies the preference degree of crossing mode choice, and provides suggestions and opinions on the setting of crossing facilities from the point of view of pedestrians. Firstly, the paper analyzes the process and characteristics of pedestrian crossing behavior in Chongqing's main urban area, describes the traffic flow parameters of pedestrian crossing, and analyzes the illegal process, violation rate and illegal factors of pedestrian crossing. Secondly, the psychological investigation and analysis of pedestrian crossing violation, pedestrian overflow, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can be accepted detour distance, pedestrian crossing overflowing psychology, pedestrian crossing facilities preference, pedestrian crossing safety psychological distance, pedestrian crossing psychology can accept detour distance. The psychological limit waiting time provides a reasonable explanation for pedestrian's crossing behavior. Then, based on the foreground theory and intuitionistic fuzzy number decision method of psychological principle, the preference of pedestrian crossing mode is studied, and the model of pedestrian crossing mode preference is established, and the advice and opinion on the setting of crossing facilities are provided from the point of view of pedestrians. Finally, several representative areas (business district, school, residential area, office building) in Nanan District of Chongqing are analyzed. Based on the investigation data and the psychological principle, the authors obtained the degree of preference of the people in the four typical districts for various crossing modes, and chose the crossing mode with the highest preference as the basis for reasonably setting up the crossing facilities. The validity and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the results of the questionnaire with the results of the model. The research results of this paper provide a reference for the reasonable setting and optimization of pedestrian crossing facilities, and provide some reference advice for the construction department to plan and build the road slow traffic system.
【學位授予單位】：重慶交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491
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