基于公交需求變化的柔性公交線網(wǎng)設(shè)計
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-15 20:41
【摘要】：城市的公交需求是隨時間的變化而變化的,不同時期公交需求量和公交需求分布均會呈現(xiàn)不同的特征。公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)運能的供給適應(yīng)公交需求的變化,實現(xiàn)不同時間下需求和供給的良好匹配,是提升公交系統(tǒng)服務(wù)水平、減少公交運能浪費、提升社會整體利益的必要條件。當(dāng)前公交線網(wǎng)設(shè)計一般依據(jù)單一固定的公交需求,缺少對公交需求變化的考慮,導(dǎo)致了公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)難以有效應(yīng)對公交需求的變化。本文分析了公交需求的長期及短期變化規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)短期需求變化有較明顯的規(guī)律,可以把短期需求變化歸納成以一周為周期的波動變化過程,每周的需求變化可以通過七天的OD表來反映。公交需求變化的周期性波動規(guī)律,為科學(xué)設(shè)計公交線網(wǎng)提供了依據(jù)。為應(yīng)對公交需求的變化,提出構(gòu)建柔性公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)以應(yīng)對需求變化的方法。在給出柔性公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)概念的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)柔性的結(jié)構(gòu)層次,把公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)柔性分為緩沖柔性、適應(yīng)柔性及創(chuàng)新柔性三個層次,分別反映公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)理解需求、迎合需求及引導(dǎo)需求的能力,其中緩沖柔性是構(gòu)建柔性公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)。重點研究了構(gòu)建公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩沖柔性的方法。在分析乘客、公交企業(yè)和社會三方利益訴求的基礎(chǔ)上,以三方利益加權(quán)和最優(yōu)為線網(wǎng)設(shè)計目標(biāo),以變化的公交需求矩陣為設(shè)計依據(jù),提出公交線網(wǎng)設(shè)計的目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立了科學(xué)設(shè)計公交線網(wǎng)的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。模型通過乘客等車時間、超載運營時間、公交未利用運能時間、公交車隊規(guī)模、乘客多耗用的時間以及未滿足乘車需求的乘客數(shù)量等指標(biāo)考慮各方的利益訴求,通過不同需求模式下的目標(biāo)函數(shù)值計算,考慮公交線網(wǎng)對不同需求模式的適應(yīng)性,并且以貨幣的形式對這種適應(yīng)性的大小進行量化。通過模型的求解得到最優(yōu)的線網(wǎng),達到增強公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)緩沖柔性的目的,提高公交網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)對需求變化的能力。公交線網(wǎng)設(shè)計模型的求解屬于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化問題,采用分步求解的算法,降低模型求解的復(fù)雜程度。算法以備選線路篩選為前提,以遺傳算法搜尋為骨架。第一步在線路層面縮小求解空間,第二步在線網(wǎng)層面應(yīng)用遺傳算法尋找最優(yōu)的線路組合,并對遺傳算法引入最優(yōu)個體選擇及模擬退火拉伸兩種改進措施,確保種群朝著理想目標(biāo)進化。算例結(jié)果表明,在考慮公交需求變化的條件下,設(shè)計出的公交線網(wǎng)能夠更好地適應(yīng)需求的變化,具有應(yīng)對需求變化的緩沖柔性。同時通過備選線路的篩選縮小公交線路的搜索空間,可以減少計算時間,加快遺傳算法的收斂速度。
[Abstract]:The demand for public transport varies with time, and the distribution of demand for public transportation and public transportation will show different characteristics in different periods. The supply of transit network capacity adapts to the change of public transport demand and realizes the good matching of demand and supply at different times. It is a necessary condition to improve the service level of public transport system, reduce the waste of public transportation capacity and promote the overall interests of the society. The current bus network design is generally based on a single fixed public transport demand, the lack of consideration of the change of public transport demand, leading to the public transport network is difficult to effectively cope with the change of public transport demand. In this paper, the long-term and short-term changes of public transport demand are analyzed. It is found that the change of short-term demand has obvious regularity, and the short-term demand change can be summed up as a fluctuating process with a cycle of one week. Weekly changes in demand can be reflected in a seven-day OD table. The periodical fluctuation law of the change of public transport demand provides the basis for the scientific design of public transportation network. In order to cope with the change of public transport demand, the method of constructing flexible public transport network to cope with the change of demand is put forward. Based on the concept of flexible bus network, the paper analyzes the structure of flexible bus network, divides the flexibility of public transport network into three levels: buffer flexibility, adaptive flexibility and innovative flexibility, respectively, reflecting the understanding needs of public transport network. The ability to meet and guide the demand, of which buffer flexibility is the basis of constructing flexible public transport network. The method of constructing buffer flexibility of bus network is studied emphatically. Based on the analysis of the interests of passengers, public transport enterprises and society, the objective function of bus network design is put forward based on the objective function of bus network design, which is based on the three-party benefit weighting and optimization, and the changing public transport demand matrix as the basis of the design. A multi-objective optimization model for scientifically designing public transit network is established. The model takes into account the interests of all parties through such indicators as passenger waiting time, overloading operation time, bus unused capacity time, bus fleet size, time consumed by passengers and the number of passengers who do not meet the passenger demand. By calculating the value of objective function under different demand modes, the adaptability of bus network to different demand modes is considered, and the size of the adaptability is quantified in the form of currency. The optimal line network is obtained by solving the model to enhance the flexibility of bus network buffer and improve the ability of bus network to cope with the change of demand. The solution of bus network design model is a multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithm takes alternative line selection as the premise and genetic algorithm search as the skeleton. In the first step, the solution space is reduced at the line level. In the second step, genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal line combination at the online network level, and two improved measures are introduced to the genetic algorithm, such as optimal individual selection and simulated annealing stretching. Ensure that the population evolves towards the desired goal. The numerical results show that the designed bus network can adapt to the change of demand better and has the flexibility of buffering to deal with the change of demand under the condition of considering the change of public transport demand. At the same time, the search space of bus lines can be reduced by the selection of alternative lines, and the computation time can be reduced, and the convergence speed of genetic algorithm can be accelerated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17
本文編號：2409085
[Abstract]:The demand for public transport varies with time, and the distribution of demand for public transportation and public transportation will show different characteristics in different periods. The supply of transit network capacity adapts to the change of public transport demand and realizes the good matching of demand and supply at different times. It is a necessary condition to improve the service level of public transport system, reduce the waste of public transportation capacity and promote the overall interests of the society. The current bus network design is generally based on a single fixed public transport demand, the lack of consideration of the change of public transport demand, leading to the public transport network is difficult to effectively cope with the change of public transport demand. In this paper, the long-term and short-term changes of public transport demand are analyzed. It is found that the change of short-term demand has obvious regularity, and the short-term demand change can be summed up as a fluctuating process with a cycle of one week. Weekly changes in demand can be reflected in a seven-day OD table. The periodical fluctuation law of the change of public transport demand provides the basis for the scientific design of public transportation network. In order to cope with the change of public transport demand, the method of constructing flexible public transport network to cope with the change of demand is put forward. Based on the concept of flexible bus network, the paper analyzes the structure of flexible bus network, divides the flexibility of public transport network into three levels: buffer flexibility, adaptive flexibility and innovative flexibility, respectively, reflecting the understanding needs of public transport network. The ability to meet and guide the demand, of which buffer flexibility is the basis of constructing flexible public transport network. The method of constructing buffer flexibility of bus network is studied emphatically. Based on the analysis of the interests of passengers, public transport enterprises and society, the objective function of bus network design is put forward based on the objective function of bus network design, which is based on the three-party benefit weighting and optimization, and the changing public transport demand matrix as the basis of the design. A multi-objective optimization model for scientifically designing public transit network is established. The model takes into account the interests of all parties through such indicators as passenger waiting time, overloading operation time, bus unused capacity time, bus fleet size, time consumed by passengers and the number of passengers who do not meet the passenger demand. By calculating the value of objective function under different demand modes, the adaptability of bus network to different demand modes is considered, and the size of the adaptability is quantified in the form of currency. The optimal line network is obtained by solving the model to enhance the flexibility of bus network buffer and improve the ability of bus network to cope with the change of demand. The solution of bus network design model is a multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithm takes alternative line selection as the premise and genetic algorithm search as the skeleton. In the first step, the solution space is reduced at the line level. In the second step, genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal line combination at the online network level, and two improved measures are introduced to the genetic algorithm, such as optimal individual selection and simulated annealing stretching. Ensure that the population evolves towards the desired goal. The numerical results show that the designed bus network can adapt to the change of demand better and has the flexibility of buffering to deal with the change of demand under the condition of considering the change of public transport demand. At the same time, the search space of bus lines can be reduced by the selection of alternative lines, and the computation time can be reduced, and the convergence speed of genetic algorithm can be accelerated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.17
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