【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,交通系統(tǒng)中所容納的影響因素也越來(lái)越多。而這也使得在實(shí)際交通環(huán)境中,進(jìn)行交通優(yōu)化方案方面的探索變得十分的困難。面對(duì)這樣的問(wèn)題,利用計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)對(duì)交通系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行進(jìn)行仿真模擬成為一個(gè)行之有效的方法。本文通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)中車(chē)輛模型結(jié)構(gòu)、相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)及駕駛行為原理的研究和歸納,建立了車(chē)輛的Agent模型、產(chǎn)生模型及行為模型等,同時(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)中路網(wǎng)元素的分析,建立了具有良好適應(yīng)性的路網(wǎng)描述模型。在方便友好的人機(jī)交互界面上,實(shí)現(xiàn)了多變交通環(huán)境下對(duì)交通運(yùn)行過(guò)程的仿真,同時(shí)對(duì)仿真過(guò)程中的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行記錄,以便于進(jìn)行分析,最終能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)為優(yōu)化交通方案提供數(shù)據(jù)及其他方面的參考。論文首先對(duì)仿真系統(tǒng)的靜態(tài)模型部分進(jìn)行了整理,包括車(chē)輛Agent的模型、交通規(guī)則以及路網(wǎng)描述等模型。通過(guò)對(duì)實(shí)際車(chē)輛進(jìn)行抽象和簡(jiǎn)化,并考慮Agent特性,先建立了車(chē)輛Agent的物理模型,能夠較準(zhǔn)確的表示實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)中復(fù)雜多樣的車(chē)輛組成。隨后對(duì)實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)中的路網(wǎng)元素進(jìn)行了建模,將路網(wǎng)元素按照幾何特征的不同分為幾類(lèi),可以通過(guò)自由組合形成形式多樣的雙車(chē)道路網(wǎng)描述文件。同時(shí)將交通控制元素添加在相應(yīng)部分中,可在編輯路網(wǎng)描述文件、設(shè)置元素屬性的同時(shí),對(duì)交通控制元素的屬性進(jìn)行控制和修改,以方便實(shí)現(xiàn)不同交通控制條件下的運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真。在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)常用幾種交通規(guī)則進(jìn)行了整理和建模。其次,對(duì)仿真系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行中所涉及的模型進(jìn)行了建模,包括車(chē)輛產(chǎn)生、車(chē)輛行為等模型以及路徑算法的實(shí)現(xiàn)。通過(guò)對(duì)在發(fā)生時(shí)隨機(jī)賦予車(chē)輛不同的隨機(jī)狀態(tài),以實(shí)現(xiàn)更接近于實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)中的車(chē)輛表現(xiàn)。隨后選取了較為典型的三種行為,對(duì)其行為模型進(jìn)行分析、描述和討論,并利用Agent特性討論其決策實(shí)現(xiàn)。之后在系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置了固定路徑以及最短路徑算法優(yōu)先兩種路線(xiàn)選擇的方式,前者優(yōu)先級(jí)高。最后,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了交通仿真系統(tǒng),包括地圖編輯模塊和仿真控制模塊。在地圖編輯模塊中除包含常規(guī)的路網(wǎng)元素繪制功能外,還設(shè)置了旋轉(zhuǎn)、刪除、替換等對(duì)路網(wǎng)元素的操作,以更加靈活多樣的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)路網(wǎng)描述。在仿真控制模塊中設(shè)置了對(duì)仿真過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制的相應(yīng)功能。通過(guò)利用仿真系統(tǒng)對(duì)實(shí)際案例進(jìn)行仿真,證明該系統(tǒng)能夠滿(mǎn)足常用交通環(huán)境下的仿真需求,并且可以提供相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù),形成結(jié)論支持對(duì)實(shí)際交通系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化和改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, there are more and more influence factors in the transportation system. This makes it very difficult to explore the traffic optimization scheme in the actual traffic environment. In the face of this problem, it is an effective method to use computer related technology to simulate the operation of traffic system. Based on the research and induction of vehicle model structure, relevant data and driving behavior principle in actual traffic system, the Agent model of vehicle is established, and the model and behavior model of vehicle are established in this paper. At the same time, through the analysis of the road network elements in the actual traffic system, a good adaptive road network description model is established. In the convenient and friendly man-machine interface, the simulation of the traffic running process is realized under the changeable traffic environment. At the same time, the data in the simulation process are recorded to facilitate the analysis. Finally, it can provide data and other reference for optimizing traffic scheme. Firstly, the static model of the simulation system is arranged, including the vehicle Agent model, traffic rules and road network description model. By abstracting and simplifying the actual vehicle and considering the characteristics of Agent, the physical model of the vehicle Agent is established, which can accurately represent the complex and diverse vehicle composition in the actual traffic system. Then the road network elements in the actual traffic system are modeled. The road network elements can be divided into several categories according to the different geometric characteristics, and can form a variety of two-lane road network description files through free combination. At the same time, the traffic control elements can be added to the corresponding parts, the road network description files can be edited, and the attributes of the traffic control elements can be controlled and modified at the same time, so that the motion simulation under different traffic control conditions can be realized conveniently. On this basis, several common traffic rules are sorted out and modeled. Secondly, the models involved in the simulation system are modeled, including vehicle generation, vehicle behavior and the implementation of the path algorithm. By assigning different random states to the vehicle at the time of its occurrence, the performance of the vehicle is more similar to that of the real traffic system. Then, three typical behaviors are selected, their behavior models are analyzed, described and discussed, and their decision implementation is discussed by using the characteristics of Agent. Then the fixed path and the shortest path algorithm priority are set in the system, the former has high priority. Finally, the traffic simulation system is designed and implemented, including map editing module and simulation control module. In the map editing module, in addition to the normal drawing function of road network elements, rotation, deletion and replacement of network elements are also set up to realize road network description in a more flexible and diverse way. The corresponding function of controlling the simulation process is set up in the simulation control module. By using the simulation system to simulate the actual cases, it is proved that the system can meet the needs of the simulation in common traffic environment, and can provide the corresponding data, and draw a conclusion to support the optimization and improvement of the actual traffic system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491

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