【摘要】：目前車輛動荷載理論是路面設(shè)計、道路養(yǎng)護等領(lǐng)域的熱點研究問題之一。通過車輛動荷載的研究與應(yīng)用能夠更加準確地描述車輛運動對于路面的荷載情況,進而提高道路損壞速度預估精度、降低道路養(yǎng)護成本以及提高使用年限等等。然而,在目前的路面設(shè)計規(guī)范中,荷載的計算仍然以靜荷載為主,動荷載的應(yīng)用仍然十分有限。因此,對于車輛動荷載的研究仍然具有非常高的實際意義和工程價值。速度作為車輛動荷載的影響因素,對動荷載的計算起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但車流區(qū)間速度數(shù)據(jù)很可能由于采集設(shè)備限制而難以準確獲得,這樣就很可能造成車輛動荷載的研究成果在實際應(yīng)用中的不便。因此,為了解決這一問題,研究利用交通量可以理論上通過函數(shù)關(guān)系推導區(qū)間速度的特點和交通量數(shù)據(jù)更加容易精確獲取的優(yōu)勢,采用交通量代替速度的方法,研究在城市道路下交通量對車輛動荷載的影響。研究以河北省唐山市城市交通流現(xiàn)狀為依托,實際詳細采集了主干路、次干路以及城市快速路數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)實測數(shù)據(jù)重新標定了格林希爾茲模型、S模型以及BPR模型。通過數(shù)據(jù)分析和對比,選取了重新標定后的BPR模型作為交通量對動荷載研究中流量與速度關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)模型�；谡也ǒB加法的時域模型建立了交通量與路面不平度的函數(shù)關(guān)系,并為驗證成果給出了在不同條件下代表性流量的時域頻譜。采用二自由度模型作為車輛簡化振動模型并建立了車輛動力學方程,根據(jù)車輛振動模型的求解結(jié)果建立了交通量與動荷載之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系。最后為驗證交通量與動荷載研究成果,分別利用振型疊加法和Newmark-β法進行解耦求解,并給出不同交通量條件下動荷載系數(shù)頻譜。研究結(jié)果表明:交通量對車輛動荷載影響明顯,在相同等級路面下,交通量越大,車流速度越低,動荷載系數(shù)越小;交通量在較低和較高的情況下動荷載變化較小,相對應(yīng)的變化較大區(qū)間流量為500-1000pcu/h/lane;采用Newmark-β法和振型疊加法解耦所獲得的結(jié)果均符合實際變化規(guī)律,進而證明了交通量作為參數(shù)計算車輛動荷載的有效性與可行性。
[Abstract]:At present, the theory of vehicle dynamic load is one of the hot research issues in the field of pavement design and road maintenance. Through the research and application of vehicle dynamic load, it can more accurately describe the load of vehicle movement on road surface, and then improve the accuracy of road damage speed prediction, reduce the road maintenance cost and improve the service life, and so on. However, in the current pavement design code, the calculation of loads is still mainly static load, and the application of dynamic load is still very limited. Therefore, the study of vehicle dynamic load still has high practical significance and engineering value. As the influence factor of vehicle dynamic load, velocity plays an important role in the calculation of dynamic load. However, the velocity data of vehicle flow section may be difficult to obtain precisely due to the limitation of acquisition equipment, which may cause inconvenience in the practical application of the research results of vehicle dynamic load. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the paper studies the advantages of using traffic volume to deduce the characteristics of interval speed through function relation and the advantage that traffic volume data can be obtained more easily and accurately, and adopts the method of traffic volume instead of speed. The effect of traffic volume on vehicle dynamic load on urban roads is studied. Based on the present situation of urban traffic flow in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, the data of main road, secondary trunk road and urban expressway are collected in detail. Based on the measured data, Green Shields model, S model and BPR model are re-calibrated. Based on the data analysis and comparison, the recalibrated BPR model is selected as the basic model of the relationship between flow and velocity in the study of traffic volume to dynamic load. Based on the time domain model of sinusoidal superposition method, the relationship between the traffic volume and the road roughness is established, and the time domain spectrum of the representative flow under different conditions is given to verify the results. The two-degree-of-freedom model is used as the simplified vibration model of the vehicle and the vehicle dynamics equation is established. The functional relationship between the traffic volume and the dynamic load is established according to the solution results of the vehicle vibration model. Finally, in order to verify the research results of traffic volume and dynamic load, the vibration mode superposition method and Newmark- 尾 method are used for decoupling solution, and the spectrum of dynamic load coefficient under different traffic volume is given. The results show that the influence of traffic volume on vehicle dynamic load is obvious. The larger the traffic volume is, the lower the speed of vehicle flow is and the smaller the dynamic load coefficient is. Under the condition of lower and higher traffic volume, the change of dynamic load is relatively small, and the corresponding larger range flow rate is 500-1000pcur / h / lane. The results obtained by decoupling the Newmark- 尾 method and the mode superposition method are in accordance with the actual variation law, which proves the validity and feasibility of calculating the vehicle dynamic load by using the traffic volume as a parameter.
【學位授予單位】：華北理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U416.2

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