【摘要】：人行橋作為現(xiàn)代交通的重要通道,在城市交通以中發(fā)揮著重要的作用,它既為行人的出行提供了方便,同時(shí)又美化了城市環(huán)境。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展,各類輕質(zhì)、高強(qiáng)、高耐久的材料開始在人行橋的建設(shè)中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用,人行橋的結(jié)構(gòu)形式也日漸復(fù)雜。由于大跨異形鋼箱梁人行橋的結(jié)構(gòu)輕巧、跨度較大,導(dǎo)致人行橋在行人的作用下易產(chǎn)生過(guò)度振動(dòng),引起行人的不適。目前國(guó)內(nèi)規(guī)范對(duì)于人行橋舒適性評(píng)價(jià)以及振動(dòng)控制尚未有充足的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和完善的制度,本文以一座典型的大跨異形鋼箱梁人行橋?yàn)槔?對(duì)人行橋基于不同指標(biāo)的舒適性評(píng)價(jià)及振動(dòng)控制進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。(1)系統(tǒng)的分析了舒適性評(píng)價(jià)的方法及指標(biāo),總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外規(guī)范對(duì)于舒適性評(píng)價(jià)的要求,包括頻率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及響應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。并分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外規(guī)范對(duì)于行人荷載模式的要求,選定了用于動(dòng)力響應(yīng)計(jì)算的行人步行荷載模型,確定了四種經(jīng)典行走步頻下的單步落足曲線以及人群荷載的簡(jiǎn)化模型。(2)基于頻率法對(duì)大跨異形鋼箱梁人行橋進(jìn)行舒適性評(píng)價(jià)。對(duì)本文所選景觀人行橋中結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的兩聯(lián)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力特性的分析,確定橋梁的基頻較低的振型。然后對(duì)實(shí)際橋梁進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)模態(tài)測(cè)試,對(duì)橋梁基頻的計(jì)算進(jìn)行校核,并以各國(guó)規(guī)范為依據(jù)基于避開敏感頻率法對(duì)橋梁的舒適性進(jìn)行了初步評(píng)價(jià),以確定是否需要進(jìn)行橋梁在行人荷載下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)計(jì)算。(3)基于響應(yīng)法對(duì)大跨異形鋼箱梁橋進(jìn)行舒適性評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)行人在不同情況下行走的步頻,基于強(qiáng)迫振動(dòng)理論,擬定了不同行走頻率及行人數(shù)量的步行工況,對(duì)大跨鋼箱梁橋梁在各種工況下的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算,并且按照理論計(jì)算工況對(duì)實(shí)際橋梁進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)步行荷載加載試驗(yàn),得到了各工況下橋梁的振動(dòng)響應(yīng),對(duì)計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證�；谙拗苿�(dòng)力響應(yīng)法,按照規(guī)范對(duì)橋梁在實(shí)際使用中的舒適性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),得出橋梁在人群荷載作用下的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)并不能滿足舒適性要求,需要對(duì)橋梁采取一定的措施進(jìn)行振動(dòng)控制。(4)在基于頻率法和基于響應(yīng)法對(duì)橋梁的舒適性評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)大跨鋼箱梁橋在步行荷載作用下最易發(fā)生共振的振型,進(jìn)行了調(diào)諧質(zhì)量阻尼器(TMD)的設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)大跨鋼箱梁人行橋進(jìn)行振動(dòng)控制,對(duì)不同情況下TMD的控制效果進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和評(píng)價(jià),并對(duì)橋梁安裝TMD后的實(shí)際減振效果進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)。在安裝TMD進(jìn)行振動(dòng)控制之后,橋梁的舒適性問(wèn)題得到很好的改善,達(dá)到正常使用對(duì)于人行橋舒適性的要求。
[Abstract]:Pedestrian bridge, as an important passage of modern traffic, plays an important role in urban traffic. It not only provides convenience for pedestrians, but also beautifies the urban environment. With the development of society, all kinds of lightweight, high-strength, high-durability materials have been widely used in the construction of pedestrian bridge, and the structure of pedestrian bridge is becoming more and more complex. Due to the light structure and large span of the large-span steel box girder footbridge, it is easy to produce excessive vibration under the action of pedestrians and cause discomfort for pedestrians. At present, the domestic code has not enough experience and perfect system for comfort evaluation and vibration control of footbridge. This paper takes a typical large-span steel box girder footbridge as an example. The comfort evaluation and vibration control of footbridge based on different indexes are systematically studied. (1) the methods and indexes of comfort evaluation are analyzed systematically, and the requirements for comfort evaluation in domestic and foreign codes are summarized. Including frequency standard and response standard. The requirements of pedestrian load modes in domestic and foreign codes are analyzed, and a pedestrian load model for dynamic response calculation is selected. The single step foot curve and the simplified model of crowd load under four kinds of classical walking frequency are determined. (2) based on the frequency method, the comfort of large-span special-shaped steel box girder footbridge is evaluated. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of the complex structure of the bridge are analyzed, and the vibration modes of the bridge with low fundamental frequency are determined. Then the field modal test is carried out on the actual bridge, the calculation of the basic frequency of the bridge is checked, and the comfort of the bridge is preliminarily evaluated on the basis of avoiding the sensitive frequency method based on the national codes. In order to determine whether it is necessary to calculate the dynamic response of bridges under pedestrian loads. (3) based on the response method, the comfort of long-span special-shaped steel box girder bridges is evaluated. According to the walking frequency of pedestrians under different conditions and based on the theory of forced vibration, the walking conditions of different walking frequencies and the number of pedestrians are worked out, and the dynamic responses of long-span steel box girder bridges under various working conditions are calculated. According to the theoretical calculation condition, the actual bridge is subjected to the field loading test of walking load, and the vibration response of the bridge under various working conditions is obtained, and the calculated results are verified. Based on the limited dynamic response method, the comfort of the bridge in practical use is evaluated according to the code, and it is concluded that the vibration response of the bridge under the action of crowd load can not meet the requirements of comfort. Some measures should be taken to control the vibration of the bridge. (4) based on the evaluation of the comfort of the bridge based on the frequency method and the response method, the vibration mode of the long-span steel box girder bridge is most likely to occur under the action of walking load. The tuned mass damper (TMD) is designed to control the vibration of the long span steel box girder footbridge. The control effect of TMD is calculated and evaluated under different conditions. The actual vibration absorption effect of the bridge after the installation of TMD is measured on the spot. After the installation of TMD for vibration control, the comfort problem of the bridge has been improved very well, which can meet the requirements for the comfort of the footbridge in normal use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U441;U448.11

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