【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)水平不斷提高和汽車工業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,私家車數(shù)量越來越多,擁堵的交通造成出行者行程的延誤,并極大的浪費(fèi)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力。如何緩解交通擁擠的現(xiàn)狀,提高交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行效率成為世界各國亟待解決的問題。利用現(xiàn)有的資源,通過設(shè)計(jì)高效的交通信號(hào)優(yōu)化控制策略,最大程度發(fā)揮交通效益具有重要意義。本文結(jié)合現(xiàn)代城市交通的發(fā)展需求與技術(shù)特點(diǎn),在研究交通信號(hào)控制系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,建立交通干線系統(tǒng)的車流模型與延誤模型,并深入研究交通信號(hào)協(xié)調(diào)控的優(yōu)化。主要工作如下:首先,研究城市交通系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),對(duì)交通信號(hào)的控制參數(shù)、控制方式進(jìn)行詳細(xì)研究,并分析延誤時(shí)間、停車次數(shù)和車輛排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)度等幾種交通燈協(xié)調(diào)控制系統(tǒng)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。根據(jù)不同的實(shí)際交通情況對(duì)城市交通系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行分類,給出交通燈設(shè)置的實(shí)際依據(jù)。其次,選取城市交通系統(tǒng)中地位較為重要的干線系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,通過研究干線系統(tǒng)的形成、特點(diǎn)和協(xié)調(diào)控制的約束條件等基本理論,明確干線系統(tǒng)的控制目的,建立交通干線控制系統(tǒng)的延誤模型。通過引入變量將總延誤模型按照控制者需求分為單向綠波控制、雙向綠波控制、協(xié)調(diào)相位和非協(xié)調(diào)相位控制。再次,針對(duì)交通干線控制系統(tǒng)延誤模型特點(diǎn),提出基于歷史最優(yōu)位置加權(quán)的粒子群優(yōu)化算法,在算法中引用歷史最優(yōu)信息,共享優(yōu)良資源。并通過測(cè)試函數(shù)驗(yàn)證該算法能夠改善傳統(tǒng)粒子群算法的性能,提高收斂速度并防止其陷入局部最優(yōu)解。最后,以秦皇島主干線為例,采集路段真實(shí)信息和數(shù)據(jù),利用本文提出的歷史最優(yōu)位置加權(quán)粒子群算法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,仿真結(jié)果與傳統(tǒng)定時(shí)控制方案對(duì)比表明該策略顯著地縮小了干線延誤時(shí)間,提高了通行效率,取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of social economic level and the rapid development of automobile industry, the number of private cars is increasing, the traffic congestion caused by the delay of travel, and a great waste of social productivity. How to alleviate the current situation of traffic congestion and improve the efficiency of transportation system has become an urgent problem all over the world. It is of great significance to use existing resources and design efficient traffic signal optimal control strategies to maximize traffic efficiency. In this paper, based on the research of traffic signal control system, the traffic flow model and delay model of traffic trunk line system are established, and the optimization of traffic signal coregulation is deeply studied. The main work is as follows: firstly, the characteristics of urban traffic system are studied, the control parameters and control methods of traffic signal are studied in detail, and the delay time is analyzed. The evaluation indexes of several traffic lights coordinated control systems, such as parking times and vehicle queue length. According to different traffic conditions, the urban traffic system is classified, and the practical basis of traffic light setting is given. Secondly, select the important trunk line system in the urban traffic system as the research object, through the study of the formation of the trunk line system, characteristics and coordinated control constraints and other basic theories, make clear the control purpose of the trunk line system. The delay model of traffic trunk control system is established. By introducing variables, the total delay model is divided into one-way green wave control, bidirectional green wave control, coordinated phase control and non-coordinated phase control according to the needs of the controller. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of delay model of traffic trunk line control system, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on historical optimal position weighting is proposed, in which historical optimal information is used to share excellent resources. The test results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the performance of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm, improve the convergence speed and prevent it from falling into the local optimal solution. Finally, taking Qinhuangdao main line as an example, the real information and data are collected, and the model is optimized by using the historical optimal position weighted particle swarm optimization algorithm proposed in this paper. Compared with the traditional timing control scheme, the simulation results show that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce the delay time of the trunk line, improve the traffic efficiency and achieve good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.54;TP273

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