【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,道路交通建設(shè)作為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)得到了廣泛的重視。銑刨機(jī)是路面修理與維護(hù)的重要設(shè)備,其需求量也在近年來得到大量提升。然而國內(nèi)自主產(chǎn)權(quán)的銑刨機(jī)相對國外同類設(shè)備仍有很大差距,使用壽命不長、作業(yè)不穩(wěn)定等缺陷讓其喪失很大競爭力,所以當(dāng)下銑刨機(jī)技術(shù)的研究已刻不容緩。有限元仿真技術(shù)在當(dāng)下工程機(jī)械領(lǐng)域的研究中起到很大的輔助作用,而銑刨機(jī)相關(guān)技術(shù)研究的重點和難點是分析瀝青混凝土復(fù)雜的力學(xué)屬性以及構(gòu)建刀具切削過程的有限元模型。本文運用有限元軟件ABAQUS針對瀝青混凝土的物理屬性建立符合要求的本構(gòu)模型,搭建刀具與瀝青混凝土相互作用的有限元模型并獲取銑削過程的銑削阻力;推導(dǎo)銑刀所受摩擦阻力以及單位銑削量所耗能量的計算公式,定量分析主要切削參數(shù)的改變對銑削性能的影響;推導(dǎo)振動銑削發(fā)生條件,同時分析振幅和振頻對銑削作業(yè)的影響規(guī)律。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)對刀具進(jìn)行運動學(xué)分析和受力分析,推導(dǎo)刀具刀尖的切削軌跡方程以及刀具所受摩擦阻力Fu與單位銑削量所消耗能量γ的計算公式;得到摩擦阻力Fu和單位銑削量所耗能量γ主要與銑刨機(jī)銑削進(jìn)給速度v0、刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)切削速度n以及切削厚度H等因素相關(guān)。(2)對比現(xiàn)有瀝青混凝土的本構(gòu)模型及其特征,選用Johnson-Cook模型定義瀝青路面的宏觀力學(xué)性能;利用有限元軟件ABAQUS對刀具銑削過程進(jìn)行動力學(xué)仿真分析,得到刀具在各參數(shù)變化下所受X向和Y向的銑削阻力,并導(dǎo)入MATLAB中計算獲取刀具摩擦阻力Fu和單位銑削量所耗能量γ,探討二者大小隨各因素變化的規(guī)律。(3)在常規(guī)銑削作業(yè)上施加橢圓振動和X向振動方式,對比二者對銑刨過程的影響,選用X向振動作為振動切削的振動方式;推導(dǎo)振動銑削生成條件,建立振動切削過程的數(shù)值模型進(jìn)行仿真分析;單因素法討論振幅和振頻分別對振動銑削作業(yè)的影響,結(jié)果表明:在一定范圍內(nèi),振幅和振頻的增加均會促使刀具摩擦阻力的減小,但是其減小幅度也越來越小。對比計算結(jié)果選取一組最優(yōu)振動參數(shù),為銑刨機(jī)振動銑削的研究提供參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, road traffic construction, as the foundation of economic development, has received extensive attention. Milling machine is an important equipment for pavement repair and maintenance, and its demand has been greatly increased in recent years. However, the domestic independent property rights milling machine still has a big gap compared with the foreign similar equipment, the service life is not long, the work is unstable and other defects make it lose its great competitiveness, so it is urgent to study the milling machine technology at present. Finite element simulation technology plays a very important role in the research of construction machinery. The emphasis and difficulty of the research on milling machine is to analyze the complex mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and to build the finite element model of cutting process. In this paper, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to establish the constitutive model for the physical properties of asphalt concrete. The finite element model of the interaction between the cutter and the asphalt concrete is built and the milling resistance of the milling process is obtained. The formulas for calculating friction resistance and energy consumption per unit milling amount of milling cutter are deduced, and the influence of main cutting parameters on milling performance is quantitatively analyzed. The conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the influence of amplitude and frequency on milling operation is analyzed. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the kinematic analysis and force analysis of the cutter are carried out, and the cutting path equation of the cutter tip and the formula of the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption 緯 per unit milling amount of the tool are derived. The friction resistance (Fu) and the energy consumption per unit milling amount (緯) are mainly related to milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H. (2) compared with the existing constitutive model of asphalt concrete and its characteristics, the friction resistance and the energy consumption per unit milling amount are mainly related to the milling feed speed v _ 0, tool rotation cutting spee dna nd cutting thickness H, etc. Johnson-Cook model is used to define the macroscopic mechanical properties of asphalt pavement. The dynamic simulation analysis of cutter milling process is carried out by using finite element software ABAQUS, and the milling resistance in X direction and Y direction is obtained under the change of parameters, and the friction resistance Fu and the energy consumption per unit milling amount 緯 are calculated in MATLAB. (3) applying elliptical vibration and X-direction vibration to the conventional milling operation, comparing their effects on the milling and planing process, and selecting the X-direction vibration as the vibration mode of vibration cutting; The generating conditions of vibration milling are deduced, and the numerical model of vibration cutting process is established for simulation analysis. The single factor method is used to discuss the effects of vibration frequency and amplitude on vibration milling. The results show that the increase of amplitude and vibration frequency can make the friction resistance of cutting tool decrease in a certain range, but the decreasing amplitude is becoming smaller and smaller. A set of optimal vibration parameters are selected to provide a reference for the study of milling machine vibration milling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U418.3

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