【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市交通需求不斷增加,交通擁堵問(wèn)題日益突出。山地城市因具有橋隧多、瓶頸多、路面窄、彎道急、縱坡陡等典型特征,其道路交通更易出現(xiàn)擁堵。目前,優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通已成為緩解城市交通擁堵問(wèn)題的有效途徑。常規(guī)公交作為山地城市公共交通的主要成分,對(duì)改善城市交通擁堵面貌有著重要作用。因此,在道路與常規(guī)公交資源有限的前提下,開(kāi)展山地城市常規(guī)公交調(diào)度優(yōu)化研究,制定更為高效的發(fā)車(chē)調(diào)度計(jì)劃,對(duì)提高山地城市常規(guī)公交運(yùn)營(yíng)效率、增強(qiáng)常規(guī)公交競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、緩解交通擁堵等顯得極為重要。本文首先從山地城市的概念和形態(tài)出發(fā),詳細(xì)分析了山地城市的路網(wǎng)布局和居民出行特征、公共交通出行需求變化特征、常規(guī)公交客流分布和運(yùn)營(yíng)管理特征,凝煉出山地城市常規(guī)公交調(diào)度所存在的問(wèn)題;其次,在綜述常規(guī)公交一般調(diào)度策略和基本數(shù)學(xué)模型的基礎(chǔ)上,深入剖析了常規(guī)公交基本調(diào)度和組合調(diào)度的基本原理,歸納了常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和影響因素,提出了常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化的目的和過(guò)程。然后,基于山地城市常規(guī)公交特點(diǎn),從公交運(yùn)營(yíng)企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)成本和乘客出行時(shí)間成本兩方面著手,在全面分析常規(guī)公交調(diào)度成本的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了山地城市常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型,提出了基于遺傳算法的模型求解方法。最后,運(yùn)用所建模型對(duì)重慶108路常規(guī)公交線路的調(diào)度優(yōu)化進(jìn)行了案例應(yīng)用分析,利用MATLAB軟件解出了該線路的最優(yōu)發(fā)車(chē)間隔和調(diào)度發(fā)車(chē)形式。結(jié)果表明,與現(xiàn)狀單一的全程調(diào)度相比,實(shí)施最優(yōu)組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化后的108路常規(guī)公交線路成本節(jié)省了8.12%。本文以山地城市常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化為研究對(duì)象,分析了城市常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化的基本原理,建立了山地城市常規(guī)公交組合調(diào)度優(yōu)化模型。研究成果能科學(xué)指導(dǎo)山地城市常規(guī)公交發(fā)車(chē)組合調(diào)度計(jì)劃的制定,可為提高常規(guī)公交企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)效率、提升常規(guī)公交服務(wù)水平、緩解山地城市交通壓力等提供一定理論支撐。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's social economy, urban traffic demand is increasing, traffic congestion problem is increasingly prominent. Because of the typical characteristics such as more bridges and tunnels, more bottlenecks, narrow road surface, sharp curve and steep longitudinal slope, the mountain cities are more prone to congestion. At present, priority to the development of public transport has become an effective way to alleviate urban traffic congestion. As the main component of public transport in mountainous cities, bus routine plays an important role in improving urban traffic congestion. Therefore, under the premise of the limited resources of road and conventional public transport, we should carry out the optimization research of routine public transport scheduling in mountainous cities, and formulate more efficient dispatching plans, which will improve the efficiency of routine public transport operation and enhance the competitiveness of conventional public transport in mountainous cities. It is extremely important to ease traffic congestion. Starting from the concept and form of mountainous city, this paper analyzes in detail the road network layout and resident travel characteristics of mountainous cities, the changing characteristics of public transport travel demand, the distribution of passenger flow and operation management characteristics of conventional public transport. Condense out the problems existing in the routine bus dispatching in mountainous cities; Secondly, on the basis of summarizing the general dispatching strategy and basic mathematical model of conventional public transportation, the basic principles of basic dispatching and combined dispatching of conventional public transportation are analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of combined dispatching of conventional public transportation and its influencing factors are summarized. The purpose and process of optimization of routine public transportation combination dispatching are put forward. Then, based on the characteristics of bus routine in mountainous cities, this paper starts with the operation cost and passenger travel time cost of public transport operation enterprises, and analyzes the cost of routine public transport dispatch in a comprehensive way. The optimization model of bus routine scheduling in mountainous cities is constructed, and a genetic algorithm (GA) method is proposed to solve the problem. Finally, a case study on the dispatching optimization of 108th bus routine line in Chongqing is carried out by using the established model, and the optimal departure interval and dispatching mode of the line are solved by using MATLAB software. The results show that the cost of 108 routine bus lines after the optimal combinatorial scheduling optimization is 8.1212. In this paper, the basic principle of urban conventional public transport combination scheduling optimization is analyzed, and the optimization model of mountainous city general transit combination scheduling is established. The research results can scientifically guide the formulation of routine bus departure scheduling plan in mountainous cities, which can provide certain theoretical support for improving the operation efficiency of conventional public transport enterprises, improving the service level of conventional public transport, and alleviating the traffic pressure in mountainous cities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.17

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本文編號(hào)：2376573