【摘要】：近年來,全球集裝箱班輪運輸業(yè)得到迅猛發(fā)展。集裝箱班輪運輸業(yè)是一個投入大、風(fēng)險高的資金密集型行業(yè)。隨著集裝箱船舶大型化、快速化、專業(yè)化的發(fā)展,集裝箱運輸成本也在不斷提高,而在各類運輸成本中,集裝箱費用僅次于港口使費,居于第二位。由于國際貿(mào)易的不平衡性,使得一些國家或地區(qū)的空箱閑置,而同時另一些國家或地區(qū)空箱缺乏,每年因為空箱調(diào)運產(chǎn)生的成本費用是相當(dāng)大的。因此為了降低集裝箱空箱調(diào)運成本,最大限度地提高經(jīng)濟效益,應(yīng)盡可能的配置最少箱量,這就要求必須進行合理地租箱、造箱、調(diào)箱和修箱等活動。由于集裝箱空箱供需的不平衡性,航運公司需要在港口或堆場之間定期的調(diào)運集裝箱空箱。本文主要是針對某個港口的內(nèi)陸多堆場系統(tǒng)就如何向空箱需求客戶調(diào)運空箱進行優(yōu)化研究,同時考慮了節(jié)點間進行空箱調(diào)運的兩種不同陸上運輸方式,即公路運輸和鐵路運輸。本文研究的用于滿足空箱需求客戶用箱需求的調(diào)箱方法是從內(nèi)陸堆場或港口進行調(diào)箱,如果調(diào)箱無法完全滿足客戶空箱需求,我們考慮即時租箱,即不足部分即需即得。同時考慮了堆場和港口的庫存限制、節(jié)點間不同運輸方式的運輸能力限制等因素,以最小化一個計劃期內(nèi)的運輸總成本、存儲總成本和租箱總成本三者之和為目標(biāo)函數(shù)建立整數(shù)規(guī)劃優(yōu)化模型。最后運用Lingo軟件對算例進行求解,并對求解結(jié)果進行分析,得出從何時、何地以何種運輸方式向空箱需求客戶提供所需空箱量,才能夠使得目標(biāo)函數(shù)達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的調(diào)運方案,結(jié)果證明了所建優(yōu)化模型的可行性和有效性,為內(nèi)陸多堆場系統(tǒng)的空箱調(diào)運優(yōu)化方案提供了理論指導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the global container liner transport industry has been rapid development. Container liner transport industry is a large investment, high-risk capital-intensive industry. With the development of large-scale, rapid and specialized container ships, container transportation costs are also increasing. Among all kinds of transportation costs, container costs are second only to port charges. Because of the imbalance of international trade, empty containers of some countries or regions are idle, while other countries or regions lack empty containers. Therefore, in order to reduce the cost of empty container transportation and increase economic benefit to the maximum extent, the minimum container quantity should be allocated as far as possible, which requires reasonable activities such as renting box, making box, adjusting box and repairing box. Due to the imbalance between supply and demand of empty containers, shipping companies need to transfer empty containers between ports and yards on a regular basis. This paper is mainly aimed at the inland multi-yard system of a certain port to optimize how to transfer empty containers to customers. At the same time, two different modes of land transportation between nodes are considered, that is, road transportation and railway transportation. The shunting method studied in this paper is from the inland yard or port to meet the demand of empty container. If the shunting can not fully meet the demand of empty container, we consider renting the box immediately, that is, the insufficient part is available. At the same time, the storage limit of yard and port, the capacity limitation of different modes of transport between nodes are taken into account to minimize the total transportation cost during a planning period. The sum of the total storage cost and the total rental cost establishes an integer programming optimization model for the objective function. Finally, the Lingo software is used to solve the example, and the result of the solution is analyzed. From when, where and which mode of transportation to provide the empty container quantity to the empty container demand customer, the objective function can reach the optimal dispatching scheme. The results prove the feasibility and validity of the optimization model, and provide theoretical guidance for the optimization scheme of empty container transportation in inland multi-yard system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U169

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