【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,橋梁的跨越能力逐漸增強(qiáng),大跨橋梁如雨后春筍般涌現(xiàn)在全國(guó)各地。這些跨越寬闊水域的大跨橋梁所處在的水域水深也往往較深。深水大跨橋梁所處水域水面寬廣,風(fēng)浪較大,波浪荷載是重要的荷載之一。地震特別是強(qiáng)震給深水大跨橋梁的安全帶來(lái)了極大的威脅。而且在地震時(shí),大地運(yùn)動(dòng)造成水體底部或者岸邊的運(yùn)動(dòng)還會(huì)引起強(qiáng)烈的水體運(yùn)動(dòng),蘊(yùn)含了巨大的能量,此時(shí)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)承受著波浪與地震的共同作用,而現(xiàn)有的抗震設(shè)計(jì)往往忽略水體作用單獨(dú)考慮結(jié)構(gòu)在無(wú)水狀態(tài)的抗震性能,或者只考慮地震引起的結(jié)構(gòu)與水體的耦合振動(dòng)而忽略在波浪力的影響,所以有必要研究橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)在波浪力作用下的抗震性能。本文從整體上研究了橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)在波浪力作用下的地震反應(yīng)。其主體包含:研究背景與現(xiàn)狀,水體與結(jié)構(gòu)共同作用體系理論,地震動(dòng)水壓力常用計(jì)算方法、三維數(shù)值波浪水槽模擬,波浪力作用下橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的地震反應(yīng)等。具體研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:①簡(jiǎn)要介紹了我國(guó)公路規(guī)范與鐵路規(guī)范中對(duì)地震動(dòng)水壓力的相關(guān)規(guī)定及計(jì)算公式;推導(dǎo)了莫里森方程,并將其線性化。莫里森方程是目前工程實(shí)踐中廣泛使用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。逐漸也被應(yīng)用在動(dòng)水壓力的計(jì)算分析中,是一個(gè)非常常見(jiàn)的計(jì)算方法。全面的介紹了輻射波浪理論,包括其流體控制方程、邊界條件以及求解動(dòng)水壓力的過(guò)程。②介紹了線性波浪理論及二階Stokes波浪理論的基本公式,不同的波浪理論在使用邊界造波法造波時(shí)邊界上的波浪參數(shù)有不同的輸入值;介紹邊界造波法的原理、波浪運(yùn)動(dòng)的控制方程及自由表面追蹤的VOF方法,為三維波浪數(shù)值模擬提供理論依據(jù);建立三維數(shù)值波浪水槽,利用邊界造波法,依據(jù)不同的波浪理論給定入口邊界速度及波高等波浪參數(shù),通過(guò)CFD軟件得到了三維的數(shù)值波浪。③利用三維數(shù)值波浪水槽,對(duì)一個(gè)基于實(shí)際工程的連續(xù)剛構(gòu)橋數(shù)值模型施加波浪力,進(jìn)而考察在波浪力作用下橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)。波浪力的存在改變了結(jié)構(gòu)的自振頻率,各階自振頻率均有不同程度的減小。這說(shuō)明波浪力會(huì)改變結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性。波浪力的存在改變了結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力反應(yīng),不同程度的增大了結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力反應(yīng),其改變較大不可忽略。說(shuō)明在分析橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的地震反應(yīng)時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到波浪力的影響。同時(shí)計(jì)入波浪與地震的影響時(shí),因?yàn)閮烧咴趩为?dú)作用時(shí)的動(dòng)力反應(yīng)峰值并非在同一時(shí)間,所以在同時(shí)計(jì)入兩者影響時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力反應(yīng)峰值并非是兩者單獨(dú)作用時(shí)動(dòng)力反應(yīng)之和。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the progress of technology, the span ability of bridges is gradually strengthened, and long span bridges sprang up all over the country. These long-span bridges across wide waters also tend to have deeper water depths. The deep water area of long span bridge is wide, the wind wave is large, wave load is one of the important loads. Earthquakes, especially strong earthquakes, pose a great threat to the safety of long span bridges in deep water. And during the earthquake, the earth movement causes the motion of the bottom or shore of the water body to cause the strong motion of the water body, which contains enormous energy. At this time, the bridge structure is subjected to the interaction of wave and earthquake. However, the existing seismic design often neglects the effect of water body to consider the seismic behavior of the structure in anhydrous state alone, or only considers the coupling vibration of the structure and the water body caused by earthquake, and neglects the influence of the wave force. So it is necessary to study the seismic behavior of bridge structure under the action of wave force. The seismic response of bridge structure under wave force is studied in this paper. Its main body includes: research background and present situation, water body and structure interaction system theory, commonly used calculation method of ground motion water pressure, three-dimensional numerical wave flume simulation, seismic response of bridge structure under wave force, etc. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1 the relevant provisions and calculation formulas of the ground motion water pressure in the highway code and the railway code in China are briefly introduced, and the Morrison equation is deduced and linearized. Morrison equation is a widely used empirical formula in engineering practice. It is a very common method to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure. The radiation wave theory, including its governing equation, boundary conditions and the process of solving the hydrodynamic pressure, is introduced. 2 the basic formulas of linear wave theory and second-order Stokes wave theory are introduced. Different wave theories have different input values of wave parameters on the boundary when using the boundary wave-making method. This paper introduces the principle of the boundary wave-making method, the governing equation of wave motion and the VOF method of free surface tracing, which provides a theoretical basis for 3-D wave numerical simulation. Three-dimensional numerical wave flume was established, and the inlet boundary velocity and wave parameters were given according to different wave theory. The three-dimensional numerical wave was obtained by CFD software. The wave force is applied to a numerical model of a continuous rigid frame bridge based on practical engineering, and the dynamic response of the bridge structure under the action of wave force is investigated. The natural frequency of the structure is changed by the wave force, and the natural frequency of each order decreases to some extent. This shows that the wave force will change the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The existence of wave force changes the dynamic response of the structure, and increases the dynamic response of the structure to varying degrees, which can not be ignored. It is suggested that the influence of wave force should be taken into account in the analysis of seismic response of bridge structure. Considering the influence of wave and earthquake, the peak value of dynamic response of the structure is not the sum of the dynamic response of the structure when the two effects are taken into account at the same time, because the peak value of the dynamic response of the two forces is not at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U442.55

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本文編號(hào)：2364503