【摘要】：交通安全與道路的線形有著密不可分的關(guān)系,當(dāng)?shù)缆返木�形變化時,駕駛?cè)说囊暰�很難隨著線形的變化而急劇改變,直線至平曲線過渡處是事故的高發(fā)點之一。突起路標作為線形誘導(dǎo)設(shè)施的一種,能夠有效的減少因不良視線導(dǎo)致的交通事故,在美國等發(fā)達國家得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,其設(shè)置的方式在我國相關(guān)的規(guī)范中卻只有一般原則性的規(guī)定,相關(guān)研究成果較少,在研究突起路標布設(shè)間距時,其原理也都是直接采用國外基于線形誘導(dǎo)標的試驗結(jié)論,直接應(yīng)用于突起路標時,其有效性并沒有得到驗證。本文總結(jié)了駕駛?cè)说囊暳�、視野、感知等視覺特性在行車過程中對突起路標的識認距離等參數(shù)產(chǎn)生的影響,考慮了線形、夜間車輛燈光性能對駕駛?cè)艘曈X的影響,確定在平曲線路段駕駛?cè)说目梢暦秶鷧^(qū)域。然后對駕駛?cè)饲矢兄姆椒ㄗ隽讼嚓P(guān)研究,深入剖析了駕駛?cè)嗽趶澋捞幍男熊囂匦?提出了基于視覺連續(xù)性與基于曲率感知的兩種突起路標的線形誘導(dǎo)布設(shè)模型,并按照不同設(shè)計車速,得到了基于視覺連續(xù)性模型的突起路標布設(shè)間距。根據(jù)曲率感知的理論模型,通過仿真試驗手段,確定了模型中的關(guān)鍵參數(shù)。對3ds Max建模的方法進行了深入的研究,建立道路、車、突起路標等一些必要的試驗場景元素,運用燈光技術(shù),模擬駕駛?cè)艘归g行駛環(huán)境,使用渲染的手段輸出更加真實的試驗場景。試驗根據(jù)布設(shè)在車道兩側(cè)突起路標個數(shù)的不同,輸出7張不同的試驗圖片,以主觀評價性調(diào)查得到突起路標的個數(shù)與曲率感知精度之間的關(guān)系,結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)突起路標個數(shù)少于3個時,將無法辨認出線形;當(dāng)個數(shù)大于6個時,線形誘導(dǎo)效果將不再顯著提高。根據(jù)試驗的結(jié)果,得到了基于曲率感知模型的突起路標布設(shè)間距,通過與基于視覺連續(xù)性得到的布設(shè)間距對比分析后,結(jié)果表明基于曲率感知模型的突起路標布設(shè)間距更加科學(xué),最終根據(jù)《公路路線設(shè)計規(guī)范》中平曲線半徑的一般最小值得到的計算數(shù)據(jù),擬合出了布設(shè)間距與平曲線半徑之間的一般關(guān)系,可為現(xiàn)行規(guī)范中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容提供參考及建議。
[Abstract]:Traffic safety is closely related to road alignment. When the road alignment changes, it is difficult for the driver's line of sight to change sharply with the linear change. The transition point from straight line to flat curve is one of the high incidence points of accidents. As a kind of linear guidance facilities, bulge signposts can effectively reduce traffic accidents caused by bad sight, and have been widely used in developed countries such as the United States. However, there are only general rules of principle in the relevant codes of our country, and there are few related research results. When we study the spacing of protruding signposts, its principle is to adopt the foreign experimental conclusions based on linear inductive targets directly. The effectiveness of the proposed method is not verified when it is directly applied to the bulge signpost. This paper summarizes the influence of the visual characteristics such as vision, visual field, perception and other parameters on the recognition distance of the protruding signpost in the driving process, and takes into account the effects of linear and nighttime vehicle lighting performance on the driver's vision. Determine the visible range of the driver in the flat curve section. Secondly, this paper studies the method of curvature perception, deeply analyzes the driving characteristics of the driver at the bend, and puts forward two kinds of line-induced placement models based on visual continuity and curvature perception. According to the different design speed, the distance between the protruding signposts based on the visual continuity model is obtained. According to the theoretical model of curvature perception, the key parameters of the model are determined by means of simulation experiment. In this paper, the method of 3ds Max modeling is deeply studied, and some necessary test scene elements, such as road, vehicle, protruding signpost and so on, are established. The lighting technology is used to simulate the driving environment of the driver at night. Use rendering methods to output more realistic experimental scenarios. According to the different number of roadsigns placed on both sides of the driveway, the experiment outputs 7 different experimental pictures, and obtains the relationship between the number of bulge landmarks and the curvature perception accuracy by subjective evaluation investigation. The results show that when the number of protruding signposts is less than 3, the linear shape can not be recognized. When the number is more than 6, the effect of linear induction will no longer be significantly improved. According to the results of the experiment, the distance of the signpost layout based on curvature perception model is obtained, and the distance between the two is compared with that based on visual continuity. The results show that the distance between the protruding signposts based on curvature perception model is more scientific, and finally the calculation data are obtained according to the general minimum value of the radius of the horizontal curve in the Highway Route Design Code. The general relationship between the layout spacing and the radius of the plane curve is fitted out, which can provide reference and suggestions for the relevant contents of the current code.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.52

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本文編號：2334727