【摘要】：伴隨著我國城市交通建設(shè)的的快速發(fā)展,城市地下空間的開發(fā)利用也加快了步伐,其中水下隧道的建設(shè)更是取得了舉世矚目的成就,一大批河底、江底、海底隧道涌現(xiàn)了出來。隨著修建的跨海隧道越來越復(fù)雜,其發(fā)生著火災(zāi)及交通事故的概率也越來越大,因水下隧道一般呈"U"字型且構(gòu)造封閉,另外交通組成復(fù)雜,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),災(zāi)情難以控制且損失慘重,故水下隧道的煙氣控制技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為了其安全運營的關(guān)鍵控制因素。本文以媽灣跨海隧道為依托,采用資料調(diào)研、經(jīng)驗公式與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法,對水下隧道的明挖段、單層盾構(gòu)段及雙層盾構(gòu)段的排煙技術(shù)及人員疏散進行了深入系統(tǒng)的研究,本論文完成的研究工作主要有:(1)通過資料調(diào)研得出了當前水下隧道排煙技術(shù)已形成了"明挖兩端縱向排煙+中間盾構(gòu)重點排煙",人員疏散已形成"明挖人行橫通道疏散+盾構(gòu)樓梯(滑梯)"的模式,分別確定了火災(zāi)FDS及人員Pathfinder模擬基礎(chǔ)參數(shù)。(2)通過對明挖段是否設(shè)置開孔,研究了其單向蔓延、對稱蔓延條件下煙氣流動特性以及人員耐受極限,得到相應(yīng)主洞兩端及入口匝道的最佳控制風速。通過設(shè)置開孔段,當單向蔓延時,主隧道內(nèi)的風速3.5m/s小于不開孔時主隧道4m/s的控制風速;當雙向?qū)ΨQ蔓延時,前10min內(nèi)煙氣對稱蔓延效果較好,但生理指標嚴重超過人體耐受極限。(3)采用單層盾構(gòu)隧道模型,根據(jù)排煙效率及排煙口下風速,得到了最佳排煙口的參數(shù),并據(jù)此分別得到了單層、雙層盾構(gòu)隧道的在縱向通風的臨界風速,同時開啟上下游排煙口重點排煙以及只開啟下游排煙口重點排煙的排煙風量,依據(jù)CO體積濃度、人眼高度能見度、人眼高度溫度等得到了 ASET曲線,總結(jié)出了及時開啟火災(zāi)點正上方的排煙口更利于排煙及人員疏散。(4)通過Pathfinder模擬軟件研究得到了明挖段最佳橫通道間距240m,單層盾構(gòu)段及雙層盾構(gòu)段最佳樓梯間距為80m。利用滑梯等效為樓梯的方法,對比研究了單層盾構(gòu)隧道組合疏散模式:"橫通道+樓梯"、"樓梯+滑梯"的樓梯及橫通道間距的取值,還得到了雙層盾構(gòu)隧道自下而上的疏散模式時樓梯間距,據(jù)此得到了 RSET曲線。通過對比經(jīng)驗公式驗證了模擬結(jié)果的可靠性,總結(jié)出同時開啟上下游排煙口的安全性最高,只開啟下游排煙口次之,縱向排煙(不開啟排煙口)安全性最差。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urban traffic construction in China, the development and utilization of urban underground space has also accelerated, among which the construction of underwater tunnels has made remarkable achievements, a large number of river bottom, submarine tunnels have emerged. With the construction of cross-sea tunnels becoming more and more complex, the probability of fire and traffic accidents is also increasing. Because underwater tunnels are usually "U" shaped and closed, and the traffic composition is complex, once a fire occurs, The disaster situation is difficult to control and the losses are heavy, so the smoke control technology of underwater tunnel has become the key control factor of its safe operation. Based on the sea crossing tunnel of Mawan, this paper adopts the method of data investigation, empirical formula and numerical simulation to study the open excavation section of underwater tunnel. The smoke exhaust technology and evacuation of the single-layer shield section and the double-layer shield section are studied systematically and deeply. The main works of this thesis are as follows: (1) through the investigation and investigation of the data, it is concluded that the current smoke exhaust technology of underwater tunnel has formed the "longitudinal smoke exhaust between the two ends of the open excavation and the middle shield". Evacuation has formed the mode of "evacuation shield staircase (slide)" in open excavator cross passage. The basic parameters of fire FDS and human Pathfinder simulation are determined respectively. (2) the one-way spread is studied by opening holes or not in the open excavation section. Under the condition of symmetrical spread, the characteristics of flue gas flow and the limit of personnel tolerance are obtained, and the optimal control wind speed at the two ends of the main tunnel and the entrance ramp is obtained. By setting the opening section, the wind speed 3.5m/s in the main tunnel is smaller than the control wind speed of the main tunnel 4m/s when the main tunnel is spread in one direction. When bidirectional symmetrical spread, the effect of smoke symmetrical spread in pre-10min is better, but physiological indexes exceed human tolerance limit seriously. (3) adopting single-layer shield tunnel model, according to smoke exhaust efficiency and wind speed under smoke outlet, The parameters of the optimal exhaust outlet are obtained, and the critical wind speed of longitudinal ventilation of single-layer and double-layer shield tunnel is obtained respectively. At the same time, the critical ventilation rate of the upstream and downstream exhaust outlets and the key exhaust volume of the downstream exhaust outlets are opened respectively. According to the volume concentration of CO, the visibility of the human eye and the temperature of the human eye, the ASET curve is obtained. It is concluded that opening the smoke outlet directly above the fire spot in time is more favorable for smoke exhaust and evacuation. (4) through the research of Pathfinder simulation software, the optimum distance of cross passage is 240 m, and the optimal staircase spacing of single shield section and double shield section is 80 m. By using the method that the slide is equivalent to the staircase, the combined evacuation modes of single-layer shield tunnel are compared and studied: the value of the staircase and the distance between the stair and the transverse passage of the "stairway staircase" and "stairway slide". The staircase spacing of the double shield tunnel from bottom to top is obtained, and the RSET curve is obtained. The reliability of the simulation results is verified by comparing the empirical formulas. The results show that the safety of simultaneously opening the upper and lower outlet is the highest, only the downstream outlet is the second, and the longitudinal exhaust (not opening the outlet) is the worst.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U458

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本文編號：2331510