【摘要】：一直以來,船橋碰撞問題普遍存在。最初由于船舶尺寸和噸位小、行駛速度慢,事故損失不大,沒有被重視。但隨著時代的發(fā)展,船舶規(guī)模增大,行駛速度提高,船只密度增大,造成了碰撞事故頻率增大,導致了嚴重的經(jīng)濟和生命的損失。目前橋墩防撞裝置的研究主要集中在大型橋梁,針對中小型橋梁橋墩防撞裝置的專門研究較少,而有研究指出,在近幾十年中,中小型老舊橋梁的翻新和維修都將會是一個大的工程需求,因此做了如下工作：首先,設(shè)計了雙壁鋼圍堰自旋浮筒橋墩防撞裝置,利用雙壁鋼圍堰將船舶與橋墩直接隔離,自旋浮筒撥轉(zhuǎn)船行方向,以及二者的共同變形來減小船撞橋事故的危害；其次,選取正撞和斜撞兩個工況,以1000DWT級貨船為例與防撞裝置建立碰撞的有限元模型,運用經(jīng)典有限元分析軟件ANSYS/LS-DYNA分析了兩個工況下碰撞過程中的碰撞力、能量交換和應力變形等數(shù)據(jù)的特點和規(guī)律,通過碰撞模擬分析可知,該保護方式思路正確,作用良好。同時進一步研究了不同壁厚的浮筒和雙壁鋼圍堰對防撞功效的影響,最終根據(jù)碰撞數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果對防撞裝置進行了總結(jié)。數(shù)值模擬計算的有效性和準確性與軟件的操作聯(lián)系緊密,相信隨著今后對軟件的進一步深入學習和經(jīng)驗累積,建立的模型和計算結(jié)果會更加準確,能更好的為運河橋梁防撞設(shè)計提供更有價值的參考。
[Abstract]:All the time, the collision problem of ship and bridge is widespread. At first, due to the small size and tonnage of the ship, slow speed and little accident loss, it was not paid attention to. However, with the development of the times, the scale of ships increases, the speed increases, the density of ships increases, and the frequency of collision accidents increases, resulting in serious economic and life losses. At present, the research on anti-collision devices of bridge piers is mainly focused on large bridges, but the special research on anti-collision devices of bridge piers of small and medium-sized bridges is relatively few. However, some studies have pointed out that in recent decades, The renovation and maintenance of old and medium-sized bridges will be a big engineering demand, so the following work has been done: firstly, the anti-collision device of double-wall steel cofferdam spin-floating pontoon pier is designed, and the ship is directly isolated from the bridge pier by using double-wall steel cofferdam. The spin buoy dials the direction of the ship and the joint deformation of the two to reduce the damage caused by the collision of the ship with the bridge. Secondly, taking the 1000DWT class cargo ship as an example to establish the finite element model of collision with the anti-collision device, the collision force in the collision process under the two working conditions is analyzed by using the classical finite element analysis software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The characteristics and rules of energy exchange and stress and deformation data are analyzed by collision simulation. It is shown that the protection method is correct and works well. At the same time, the effects of different wall thickness buoy and double wall steel cofferdam on the anti-collision effect are further studied. Finally, the anti-collision device is summarized according to the collision data. The validity and accuracy of the numerical simulation are closely related to the operation of the software. It is believed that with the further study and experience accumulation of the software in the future, the established model and calculation results will be more accurate. Can provide a more valuable reference for the design of canal bridge collision prevention.
【學位授予單位】：中國海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U445.556

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