發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-04 11:10

【摘要】：21世紀(jì)以來(lái),全球城市化建設(shè)進(jìn)程明顯加快,城市化水平顯著提高,城市規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,建筑的形式、功能、結(jié)構(gòu)等方面逐漸趨向多元化,居民的出行活動(dòng)日漸頻繁且趨于集中。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),全球平均每年有上千人因出行集聚活動(dòng)中的突發(fā)事件而傷生,人群事故不僅造成人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還對(duì)城市建設(shè)及社會(huì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不利影響。因此保證行人出行活動(dòng)的安全逐漸發(fā)展為一項(xiàng)社會(huì)性課題。行人運(yùn)動(dòng)行為是影響人群活動(dòng)安全的重要因素,其既存在一定的規(guī)律性,又具有很大的隨機(jī)性。實(shí)施行人運(yùn)動(dòng)相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)存在一定的難度,危險(xiǎn)路段的實(shí)驗(yàn)就更不可能進(jìn)行,因此,通常采用模型方法進(jìn)行研究。社會(huì)力模型是以個(gè)體為基礎(chǔ)建立的,考慮了行人與環(huán)境之間的動(dòng)態(tài)交互,對(duì)行人運(yùn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)象的描述也更為真加真實(shí)可靠,因此,本研究中采用社會(huì)力模型對(duì)行人的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行探究。階梯路段在現(xiàn)代城市中越發(fā)普遍,山地城市更是隨處可見。階梯路段本身存在一定的坡度,且由數(shù)個(gè)臺(tái)階組成,行人在階梯路段上的運(yùn)動(dòng)行為較平面運(yùn)動(dòng)更為復(fù)雜。而階梯路段又是事故多發(fā)地帶,是危險(xiǎn)路段的重要組成部分,因此,有必要對(duì)階梯路段行人的運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行研究。首先,本文從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)層面對(duì)行人的交通特性進(jìn)行了概述。在實(shí)地調(diào)研所獲得的大量數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用MATLAB和SPSS對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,從自由速度、宏觀參數(shù)特性、運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡及期望速度四方面對(duì)行人自由運(yùn)動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了分析。分析了性別、坡度、長(zhǎng)度等因素對(duì)速度的影響,并建立了階梯路段“期望速度—坡度—長(zhǎng)度”關(guān)系模型,豐富和完善了行人交通流理論體系。其次,概述了社會(huì)力模型的基本原理,從模型結(jié)構(gòu)及表達(dá)式的改進(jìn)、相對(duì)速度的影響、運(yùn)動(dòng)的各向異性、需求空間分析、算法優(yōu)化、參數(shù)選取及模型應(yīng)用等7個(gè)方面對(duì)已有研究進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)地回顧。對(duì)階梯路段行人的受力情況進(jìn)行了分析,在模型中加入了行人重力沿斜面的分力;并考慮臺(tái)階對(duì)行人運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,對(duì)模型的部分參數(shù)值及算法進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化,建立了適用于階梯路段的社會(huì)力模型。最后,運(yùn)用MATLAB對(duì)初始模型和改進(jìn)模型進(jìn)行實(shí)例仿真,并從速度與長(zhǎng)度關(guān)系、速度與坡度關(guān)系及運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡三方面對(duì)仿真效果與實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,以此來(lái)驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)模型是否合理。改進(jìn)的社會(huì)力模型能夠有效地描述階梯路段行人的運(yùn)動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,可以為行人交通設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, the process of global urbanization has been accelerated, the level of urbanization has increased significantly, the scale of cities has been constantly expanding, and the forms, functions and structures of buildings have gradually tended to be diversified. Residents' travel activities are becoming more and more frequent and tend to be concentrated. According to incomplete statistics, every year on average thousands of people in the world are injured by unexpected events in travel agglomeration. Crowd accidents not only cause casualties and economic losses, but also have adverse effects on urban construction and social development. Therefore, to ensure the safety of pedestrian activities has gradually developed into a social issue. Pedestrian movement is an important factor affecting the safety of crowd activity, which has both regularity and randomness. It is difficult to carry out the experiment of pedestrian movement, and it is not possible to carry out the experiment of dangerous road. Therefore, the model method is usually used to study it. The social force model is based on individual, considering the dynamic interaction between pedestrian and environment, and the description of pedestrian movement is more true and reliable. In this study, the social force model is used to study the movement characteristics of pedestrians. Ladder sections are becoming more and more common in modern cities, and mountain cities are everywhere. There is a certain slope in the step section, and it is composed of several steps. The pedestrian movement on the stepped road is more complex than that on the plane. The step section is an accident prone zone and an important part of the dangerous road. Therefore, it is necessary to study the pedestrian movement characteristics of the stepped road. Firstly, the traffic characteristics of pedestrians are summarized from macro-and micro-level. Based on a large number of data obtained from field investigation, the data are analyzed and processed by MATLAB and SPSS, and the characteristics of pedestrian free motion are analyzed from four aspects: free velocity, macroscopic parameter characteristics, motion track and expected velocity. The influence of gender, slope and length on speed is analyzed, and the model of "expected velocities, slope and length" is established, which enriches and perfects the theoretical system of pedestrian traffic flow. Secondly, the basic principles of the social force model are summarized, including the improvement of the model structure and expression, the influence of relative velocity, the anisotropy of motion, the analysis of demand space, the optimization of algorithm. Seven aspects of parameter selection and model application are reviewed systematically. In this paper, the stress of pedestrian on step road is analyzed, and the partial force of pedestrian gravity along the slope is added to the model. Considering the influence of steps on pedestrian movement, some parameter values and algorithms of the model are optimized, and a social force model suitable for stepped sections is established. Finally, MATLAB is used to simulate the initial model and the improved model, and the simulation results are compared with the actual situation from three aspects: the relationship between velocity and length, the relationship between velocity and slope, and the motion track. This is used to verify whether the improved model is reasonable. The improved social force model can effectively describe the pedestrian movement in stepped sections and provide theoretical basis for the planning and design of pedestrian transport facilities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 陳然,董力耘;中國(guó)大都市行人交通特征的實(shí)測(cè)和初步分析[J];上海大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2005年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：2309647