【摘要】：我國隧道工程建設(shè)發(fā)展迅速,其修建過程常揭露斷層、巖溶等不良地質(zhì)條件,尤其是富水軟弱斷層破碎帶極易造成隧道施工期突水突泥等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害,是影響隧道工程施工安全的重要因素。目前隧道施工期突水突泥災(zāi)害治理的主要工程技術(shù)方法是注漿,但是由于巖體介質(zhì)與漿液及其相互作用機(jī)制極為復(fù)雜,注漿理論研究遠(yuǎn)滯后于工程實(shí)踐,特別是針對(duì)富水軟弱地層的注漿擴(kuò)散理論和加固機(jī)理研究還處于初步探索階段,尚未形成系統(tǒng)的理論,導(dǎo)致注漿方案設(shè)計(jì)和施工的盲目性和經(jīng)驗(yàn)性較強(qiáng),亟需系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo)。本文以隧道突水突泥災(zāi)害的注漿治理理論和技術(shù)為研究目標(biāo),重點(diǎn)研究了漿液在斷層泥質(zhì)充填介質(zhì)中的劈裂擴(kuò)散理論,同時(shí)研究了漿液在斷層過水?dāng)嗝婧蛿鄬咏Y(jié)構(gòu)面中的擴(kuò)散機(jī)理,最后考慮綜合工況和介質(zhì)條件,研究了在劈裂、滲透和擠密綜合作用下的圍巖加固機(jī)理,提出了注漿加固圈厚度的優(yōu)選方法�；诒疚难芯刻岢隽烁凰噘|(zhì)充填斷層破碎帶突水突泥災(zāi)害治理關(guān)鍵技術(shù),并在江西省吉蓮高速公路永蓮隧道F2斷層突水突泥災(zāi)害治理中成功應(yīng)用。(1)研究了漿液在斷層泥質(zhì)充填介質(zhì)中的劈裂擴(kuò)散理論,將劈裂注漿過程作為以注漿孔為中心的水平輻射圓,推導(dǎo)了劈裂通道內(nèi)部的漿液擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng)方程。引入斷裂力學(xué)理論,建立了裂縫表面非線性分布?jí)毫ο碌妮S對(duì)稱空間圓片狀裂縫理論模型,最終得到劈裂通道寬度的空間分布及注漿壓力的空間衰減方程。分析了劈裂通道寬度及注漿壓力的空間衰減規(guī)律及漿液參數(shù)、土體力學(xué)參數(shù)對(duì)漿液擴(kuò)散過程的影響。(2)為研究漿液在泥質(zhì)充填斷層破碎帶軟弱結(jié)構(gòu)面內(nèi)的擴(kuò)散規(guī)律,設(shè)計(jì)了一套可變傾角單一結(jié)構(gòu)面注漿擴(kuò)散模型試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),將斷層帶結(jié)構(gòu)面簡化為單一平板結(jié)構(gòu)面,并設(shè)計(jì)了模擬其各向異性的多種結(jié)構(gòu)面角度,開展了45組可變傾角單一結(jié)構(gòu)面注漿模型試驗(yàn)。并得出如下結(jié)論,漿液在水平結(jié)構(gòu)面中呈“U型”規(guī)律；在一定傾角結(jié)構(gòu)面中,漿液擴(kuò)散形態(tài)呈現(xiàn)“彗星狀”。(3)設(shè)計(jì)了一套三維斷層注漿模型試驗(yàn)裝置,由主體介質(zhì)填充版塊、注漿版塊、注漿信息采集版塊、圖像信息實(shí)時(shí)采集版塊和高壓密封版塊構(gòu)成,可以充填原位斷層介質(zhì),具備三維條件下的斷層高壓注漿模型試驗(yàn)功能。試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),漿液以劈裂為主、擠密和充填為輔的聯(lián)合作用型式加固斷層介質(zhì),注漿過程中壓力和速率均呈震蕩變化特征；滲透壓力和土壓力在注漿過程中響應(yīng)明顯,隨著注漿次數(shù)的增加有一定波動(dòng)規(guī)律,但總體呈逐漸上升趨勢。(4)基于流固耦合理論,考慮隧道開挖過程中滲流場與應(yīng)力場的相互影響,建立相應(yīng)的有限元模型,研究注漿加固圈的存在對(duì)隧道圍巖應(yīng)力場、位移場、滲流場的影響,并通過隧道涌水量及隧道變形量隨注漿加固圈厚度的變化規(guī)律研究,對(duì)注漿加固圈厚度進(jìn)行優(yōu)選。最終確定了永蓮隧道帷幕注漿工程注漿加固圈最優(yōu)厚度。(5)針對(duì)依托工程F2斷層突水突泥災(zāi)害中突泥量大,水壓高,揭露水量大,補(bǔ)給充分等特點(diǎn),以斷層軟弱介質(zhì)的注漿擴(kuò)散和加固理論為指導(dǎo),提出了恒定終壓階梯式控制注漿技術(shù)及設(shè)計(jì)方法。采用階梯式控制注漿速率方式,結(jié)合注漿孔揭露含水體涌水量和水壓,及時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整鉆孔引排泄壓,有效防止高壓封閉水體出現(xiàn),保障注漿加固過程的安全。研究成果在江西吉蓮高速永蓮隧道F2斷層突水突泥災(zāi)害注漿綜合處治工程中進(jìn)行了現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn),取得了良好的治理效果,具有廣闊的工程推廣價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of tunnel engineering construction in China, the construction process often reveals the bad geological conditions such as fault and karst, especially the water-rich weak fault fracture zone, which can easily cause geological disasters such as water inrush from the construction period, and is an important factor affecting the construction safety of tunnel construction. At present, the main engineering technique for the prevention and treatment of water outburst in the construction period of the tunnel is grouting, but because the rock mass medium and the slurry and its interaction mechanism are very complicated, the research of grouting theory lags far behind the engineering practice, Especially, the research on grouting diffusion theory and reinforcement mechanism of water-rich weak stratum is still in the preliminary exploration stage, yet the theory of the system has not been formed, which leads to the blindness and experience of the grouting scheme design and construction, and the theoretical guidance of the system science is urgently needed. In this paper, the theory and technology of grouting are studied in this paper, and the split diffusion theory of slurry in fault-mud filling medium is studied, and the diffusion mechanism of slurry in the cross-section of fault and the surface of fault structure is studied. Finally, considering the comprehensive working condition and medium condition, the paper studies the strengthening mechanism of surrounding rock under the comprehensive action of splitting, seepage and compaction, and puts forward the preferred method of grouting reinforcement ring thickness. Based on the research of this paper, the key technologies for the treatment of water-process mud disaster are put forward in this paper, and the successful application of Fulian tunnel F2 fault treatment in Jiulian expressway, Jiangxi Province, has been put forward. (1) The split diffusion theory of slurry in fault mud filling medium is studied, and the split grouting process is used as the horizontal radiation circle centered on the grouting hole, and the equation of slurry diffusion motion inside the split channel is derived. By introducing the theory of fracture mechanics, the theoretical model of axisymmetric space circular sheet crack under nonlinear distribution pressure of fracture surface is established, and the spatial distribution of split channel width and the spatial attenuation equation of grouting pressure are finally obtained. The spatial attenuation law and slurry parameters of split channel width and grouting pressure are analyzed, and the influence of soil mechanics parameters on the process of slurry diffusion is analyzed. (2) In order to study the diffusion law of slurry in the weak structural plane of mud-filled fault fracture zone, a set of single-structure surface grouting diffusion model test system with a variable inclination angle is designed, which simplifies the structure surface of the fault belt into a single plane structure plane. In this paper, a multi-structural plane model is designed to simulate its anisotropy, and a single-structure surface grouting model test of 45 sets of variable inclination angles is carried out. It is concluded that the slurry is U-shaped in the horizontal structural plane, and in a certain angle of inclination, the shape of the slurry diffuses into a comet-like shape. (3) a set of three-dimensional fault grouting model test device is designed, and has the function of a fault high-pressure grouting model test under three-dimensional conditions. It is found that the pressure and velocity in the grouting process are characterized by vibration change, and the osmotic pressure and soil pressure are obvious during the grouting process. With the increase of the number of grouting, there is a certain fluctuation rule. But there is a trend of gradual upward trend. (4) Based on the theory of flow-solid coupling, considering the interaction between seepage field and stress field during tunnel excavation, a corresponding finite element model is established to study the influence of grouting reinforcement ring on stress field, displacement field and seepage field of surrounding rock. and the thickness of the grouting reinforcement ring is optimized according to the change rule of the thickness of the grouting reinforcement ring through the tunnel water inflow and the deformation amount of the tunnel. Finally, the optimal thickness of grouting reinforcement ring for the curtain grouting project of Yong-lian tunnel is determined. (5) According to the characteristics of large amount of outburst mud, high water pressure, large exposed water quantity and sufficient recharge, the grouting technology and design method of constant end pressure step control are put forward aiming at the characteristics of large amount of outburst mud, high water pressure, large exposed water quantity and sufficient recharge. According to the step type control grouting rate mode, the water inflow amount and the water pressure of the water body are exposed in combination with the grouting holes, the drilling drainage pressure is dynamically adjusted, the high-pressure closed water body is effectively prevented, and the safety of the grouting reinforcement process is guaranteed. In this paper, the field tests were carried out in the comprehensive treatment project of the F2 fault outburst of the high-speed Yong-lian tunnel of Jiulian, Jiangxi Province, and the good governance effect was obtained, and the project has wide engineering popularization value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U455.49

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