【摘要】：隨著汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展,汽車保有量也在增加,造成道路交通事故頻發(fā),給社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全帶來了很大威脅。在注重預(yù)防交通事故發(fā)生的前提下,有必要對(duì)交通事故鑒定結(jié)果的精準(zhǔn)性、高效性做進(jìn)一步的研究。隨著監(jiān)控錄像在道路上的廣泛應(yīng)用,眾多有價(jià)值的道路交通信息被永久儲(chǔ)存下來,因而基于監(jiān)控視頻圖像完成事故鑒定已成為鑒定人員的重要選擇。錄像設(shè)備、成像系統(tǒng)特性等因素會(huì)使視頻圖像在生成過程中出現(xiàn)空間距離與圖像距離不能精確對(duì)應(yīng)的現(xiàn)象。為此,圖像空間需進(jìn)行直接線性變換處理,即攝像機(jī)的標(biāo)定過程。此外,在目標(biāo)車輛檢測(cè)與跟蹤方面,由于存在陰影干擾、光線變化等,使得檢測(cè)與跟蹤結(jié)果不甚理想。總之,基于監(jiān)控視頻圖像計(jì)算車速的通用方法存在不可消除的缺陷,無法為交通事故鑒定工作提供準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)果,只能作為輔助證據(jù)。以監(jiān)控視頻圖像為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用攝影學(xué)與運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)原理,在攝像機(jī)未標(biāo)定的前提下,應(yīng)用插值法建立了車速計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)模型。基于Matlab-GUI環(huán)境開發(fā)可視化系統(tǒng)平臺(tái),從而快速、可靠地計(jì)算出交通事故中車輛的速度。根據(jù)時(shí)間-速度曲線得到目標(biāo)車輛的運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,明確了車輛在交通事故發(fā)生前和發(fā)生瞬間的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)(路徑、位置和速度等)。應(yīng)用插值法確定了目標(biāo)車輛的距離和時(shí)間。對(duì)視頻圖像“近大遠(yuǎn)小”的透視關(guān)系進(jìn)行了描述,同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了相應(yīng)的驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在車輛1幀時(shí)間內(nèi)行駛的距離中,可忽略這種透視關(guān)系的影響。對(duì)視頻測(cè)速原理進(jìn)行了描述,將插值法應(yīng)用到車速計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立中,以達(dá)到不對(duì)攝像機(jī)進(jìn)行標(biāo)定也可使計(jì)算結(jié)果精度滿足要求的目的。對(duì)比了三種基于插值原理的車速計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)模型,并對(duì)每種模型的適用情況進(jìn)行了分析。對(duì)基于監(jiān)控視頻圖像的交通事故車速計(jì)算系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā),開發(fā)平臺(tái)選擇Matlab環(huán)境。按照交通事故車速計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的功能要求,分別進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計(jì)、模塊設(shè)計(jì)及工作流程的開發(fā)。結(jié)合視頻測(cè)速案例證明了該系統(tǒng)在交通事故車速計(jì)算中的適用性。分析了車輛行駛速度、標(biāo)尺長(zhǎng)度與攝像機(jī)拍攝角等三個(gè)因素對(duì)交通事故車速計(jì)算系統(tǒng)精度的影響,并提出了減小誤差的方法,以便客觀公正地反映車輛的實(shí)際行駛狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of automobile industry, the number of vehicle ownership is also increasing, resulting in frequent road traffic accidents, to the stability of society and the safety of people's lives and property brought a great threat. On the premise of preventing traffic accidents, it is necessary to make further research on the accuracy and efficiency of traffic accident identification results. With the wide application of surveillance video on the road, many valuable road traffic information are stored permanently, so it has become an important choice for appraisers to complete accident identification based on surveillance video images. Video recording equipment, imaging system characteristics and other factors will make the video image in the process of generating space distance and image distance can not accurately correspond to the phenomenon. Therefore, the image space needs direct linear transformation, that is, the camera calibration process. In addition, in the aspect of vehicle detection and tracking, the detection and tracking results are not satisfactory due to the shadow interference and light change. In a word, the general method of calculating vehicle speed based on video surveillance images has some defects, which can not provide accurate results for traffic accident identification, and can only be used as auxiliary evidence. Based on the principle of photography and kinematics, the mathematical model of speed calculation is established by using interpolation method on the premise of camera uncalibrated. The visual system platform is developed based on Matlab-GUI environment, so that the speed of vehicle in traffic accident can be calculated quickly and reliably. According to the time-velocity curve, the motion equation of the target vehicle is obtained, and the moving state (path, position, velocity, etc.) of the vehicle before and at the moment of the traffic accident is determined. The distance and time of the target vehicle are determined by interpolation method. This paper describes the perspective relation of video image "near, far and small", and designs the corresponding verification experiment. The experimental results show that the influence of this perspective relationship can be neglected in the range of vehicle running in 1 frame time. The principle of video velocimetry is described and the interpolation method is applied to the establishment of mathematical model of speed calculation so as to achieve the purpose of not calibrating the camera and making the accuracy of the calculation results meet the requirements. Three mathematical models of speed calculation based on interpolation principle are compared, and the applicability of each model is analyzed. The traffic accident speed calculation system based on video surveillance image is designed and developed. The Matlab environment is chosen as the development platform. According to the function requirements of the traffic accident speed calculation system, the overall system design, module design and workflow development are carried out respectively. The feasibility of the system in the calculation of traffic accident speed is proved by a video speed measurement case. This paper analyzes the influence of three factors, such as vehicle speed, ruler length and camera shooting angle, on the accuracy of traffic accident speed calculation system, and puts forward a method to reduce the error in order to objectively and fairly reflect the actual driving state of the vehicle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.31

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