【摘要】：由于我國(guó)長(zhǎng)江、珠江等天然河流豐枯水位落差較大,水上液化天然氣(LNG)加注站是一種適用于該類(lèi)水域上航行的LNG動(dòng)力船實(shí)施燃料補(bǔ)給的工作船,LNG控制系統(tǒng)(控制系統(tǒng))是其重要組成部分,是向受注船加注LNG及接受外來(lái)氣源向儲(chǔ)罐補(bǔ)充LNG的專(zhuān)用控制設(shè)備。LNG加注躉船是水上LNG加注站的主要組成部分,其鋼板耐超低溫性能較差,他救能力較弱,因此在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制方面,應(yīng)具有比陸上設(shè)備更高的安全裕度,控制系統(tǒng)是提高水上LNG加注站安全裕度的重要措施,提高其安全可靠性具有重要的意義。本文以“華強(qiáng)1號(hào)”水上LNG加注站(本站)的控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)為例,為提高其安全可靠性,其設(shè)計(jì)采取了一系列措施:(1)控制系統(tǒng)選用分為信息層、控制層和設(shè)備層的羅克韋爾三層網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)置雙上位機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)信息層硬件冗余,緊急切斷(ESD)系統(tǒng)采用單獨(dú)的可編程邏輯控制器(PLC)實(shí)現(xiàn)控制層硬件冗余,采用環(huán)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)現(xiàn)控制層通信冗余。(2)控制系統(tǒng)重要控制點(diǎn)參數(shù)設(shè)置多個(gè)傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備層硬件冗余,設(shè)置控制系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)用不間斷電源(UPS)實(shí)現(xiàn)供電冗余,應(yīng)急截止閥采用故障關(guān)閉型以確保ESD措施安全可靠,氣體危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域選用與防爆等級(jí)相匹配的本安或隔爆儀器儀表確保工藝過(guò)程本質(zhì)安全。同時(shí),為減少本站的人員配置和站員的工作量,控制系統(tǒng)采用了半自動(dòng)順序控制等方法,極大地提高了本站的智能度。
[Abstract]:As the water levels of natural rivers, such as the Yangtze River and the Pearl River in China, are quite different from each other, The (LNG) filling station of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on water is a kind of working ship which can recharge fuel for LNG power vessel which is suitable for navigation in this kind of waters. The LNG control system (control system) is an important part of it. LNG filling lighter is the main component of the water LNG filling station, and its steel plate has poor resistance to low temperature and weak rescue ability. Therefore, in the aspect of risk control, it is a special control equipment for adding LNG to the receiving ship and receiving foreign gas to the storage tank, and the LNG filling lighter is the main component of the water LNG filling station, and its steel plate has poor resistance to cryogenic temperature and weak rescue ability. The control system is an important measure to improve the safety margin of water LNG filling station, and it is of great significance to improve its safety and reliability. This paper takes the control system design of "Hua-Qiang No. 1" water LNG filling station as an example. In order to improve its safety and reliability, a series of measures are adopted: (1) the control system is divided into information layer. In the control layer and the device layer, the structure of Rockwell's three-layer network structure, the hardware redundancy in the information layer is realized by two upper computers, and the hardware redundancy of the control layer is realized by using a separate programmable logic controller (PLC) in the emergency cut off (ESD) system. The control layer communication redundancy is realized by ring network. (2) the important control point parameters of the control system are set up to realize the hardware redundancy of the equipment layer, and the power supply redundancy is realized by setting the special uninterruptible power supply (UPS) of the control system. The emergency stop valve adopts the fault closing type to ensure the safety and reliability of the ESD measures, and the natural safety or flameproof instruments matching with the explosion proof grade are used in the gas hazard zone to ensure the essential safety of the process. At the same time, in order to reduce the staffing and workload of the station, semi-automatic sequential control is adopted in the control system, which greatly improves the intelligence of the station.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U653

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