【摘要】：大跨度PC連續(xù)梁橋是我國(guó)常用的橋型之一,大跨度PC連續(xù)梁橋的主要特點(diǎn)是變形和緩、伸縮率小、行車平穩(wěn),使得橋面伸縮縫設(shè)置少,這樣有利于高速行車。根據(jù)我國(guó)交通部頒布的《公路養(yǎng)護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)范》要求,大跨度橋梁必須進(jìn)行承載能力的鑒定。由于現(xiàn)階段的理論計(jì)算與橋梁實(shí)際情況往往存在一定的差距,所以進(jìn)行承載能力的鑒定就離不開(kāi)荷載試驗(yàn)。目前,無(wú)論是現(xiàn)有橋梁還是新建橋梁都存在車輛-橋梁耦合振動(dòng)問(wèn)題,一方面,車輛在橋面上行駛會(huì)對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)力沖擊作用,使得橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生振動(dòng)影響橋梁的正常運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況,另一方面,橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)反過(guò)來(lái)又作用于車輛,使得車輛行駛的平穩(wěn)性和舒適性受到影響,則對(duì)橋梁進(jìn)行荷載試驗(yàn)是必要的。橋梁荷載試驗(yàn)是評(píng)價(jià)橋梁質(zhì)量的最直接和有效的手段。進(jìn)行橋梁荷載試驗(yàn)不僅能夠驗(yàn)證理論計(jì)算的合理性,同時(shí)還能夠促進(jìn)理論計(jì)算和試驗(yàn)理論的發(fā)展。本文針對(duì)大跨度PC連續(xù)梁橋的靜、動(dòng)載試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行研究,以東風(fēng)大橋?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象。研究該橋在靜、動(dòng)載試驗(yàn)下,影響應(yīng)變、撓度的變化規(guī)律。利用大型通用有限元軟件MIDAS/Civil對(duì)東風(fēng)大橋進(jìn)行建模,輸入截面數(shù)據(jù)、邊界條件和各種荷載值。對(duì)橋梁靜載試驗(yàn)的研究過(guò)程,分別計(jì)算東風(fēng)大橋在設(shè)計(jì)荷載及試驗(yàn)荷載作用下的控制截面的內(nèi)力值,使得到荷載效率系數(shù);計(jì)算各種工況下,各測(cè)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)變及撓度理論值與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。對(duì)橋梁動(dòng)載試驗(yàn)的研究過(guò)程,對(duì)東風(fēng)大橋模型進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析,采用子空間迭代法計(jì)算特征值,得出橋梁的前幾階振型,從而得到固有頻率,根據(jù)相應(yīng)規(guī)范計(jì)算得出沖擊系數(shù)值,模態(tài)分析得到的值與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通過(guò)試驗(yàn)儀器對(duì)跑車、跳車等試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)得出的橋梁振型、固有頻率和沖擊系數(shù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,并與相應(yīng)的橋梁設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、荷載試驗(yàn)的規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的容許值做對(duì)比;橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)在靜、動(dòng)載作用下的變形特性和動(dòng)力特性正常,則說(shuō)明橋梁的整體剛度良好,承載能力滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,對(duì)同類橋梁的承載能力進(jìn)行分析提供了參考,也為將來(lái)的橋梁養(yǎng)護(hù)、維修和運(yùn)營(yíng)健康監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)提供寶貴的資料。
[Abstract]:The long-span PC continuous beam bridge is one of the commonly used bridges in China. The main characteristics of the long-span PC continuous beam bridge are gentle deformation, small expansion rate, steady driving, so that the bridge deck expansion joints are less, which is beneficial to high-speed driving. According to the requirements of the Technical Code for Highway maintenance issued by the Ministry of Communications of China, the bearing capacity of long-span bridges must be evaluated. Because there is a certain gap between the theoretical calculation and the actual situation of the bridge at the present stage, the identification of the bearing capacity can not be separated from the load test. At present, there exists the problem of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration in both existing and newly built bridges. On the one hand, the vehicle driving on the deck of the bridge will have a dynamic impact on the bridge structure. On the other hand, the vibration of the bridge structure acts on the vehicle in turn, which affects the ride stability and comfort of the vehicle, so that the vibration of the bridge structure affects the normal operation of the bridge, on the other hand, the vibration of the bridge structure acts on the vehicle in turn. It is necessary to carry out load test on the bridge. Bridge load test is the most direct and effective method to evaluate bridge quality. The bridge load test can not only verify the rationality of theoretical calculation, but also promote the development of theoretical calculation and test theory. In this paper, the static and dynamic load tests of long span PC continuous girder bridge are studied, and Dongfeng Bridge is taken as the research object. The variation law of strain and deflection of the bridge under static and dynamic load test is studied. The model of Dongfeng Bridge is modeled by MIDAS/Civil, and the cross section data, boundary conditions and load values are inputted. In the research process of bridge static load test, the internal forces of the control section of Dongfeng Bridge under design load and test load are calculated respectively, so that the load efficiency coefficient is obtained, and the load efficiency coefficient is calculated under various working conditions. The theoretical values of strain and deflection of each measuring point are compared with the field measured values. For the research process of bridge dynamic load test, the modal analysis of Dongfeng Bridge model is carried out, the eigenvalue is calculated by subspace iteration method, and the first several vibration modes of the bridge are obtained, and the natural frequency is obtained, and the impact coefficient value is calculated according to the corresponding specifications. The value obtained by modal analysis is compared with the bridge mode shape, natural frequency and impact coefficient obtained from the test data of sports car, jump and so on, and it is compared with the corresponding standard of bridge design code. The allowable values of the standard of load test are compared, and the deformation and dynamic characteristics of bridge structure under static and dynamic loads are normal, which indicates that the overall stiffness of the bridge is good, and the bearing capacity meets the design requirements. Furthermore, the rationality of the design is verified, the bearing capacity of the similar bridges is analyzed, and valuable data are provided for the bridge maintenance, maintenance and operation health monitoring system in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U446.1

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