【摘要】：隨著對石油工業(yè)這類能源產(chǎn)業(yè)需求量的增加,石油開采作業(yè)所產(chǎn)生的廢棄物給環(huán)境帶來的問題日趨明顯。在油田廢棄物中最主要的鉆井廢棄泥漿的處理問題上,采用得最多的方法是隨鉆隨治,此方法是將現(xiàn)場的鉆井泥漿直接進行無害固化處理,一般通過在泥漿池里加配制好的固化劑進行就地固化。這種隨鉆隨治方式簡單易行,但主要存在著四個方面的問題：征地費用高、土地資源浪費；容易造成二次污染；處理工藝原始,不利于環(huán)保；不能將廢棄利用,沒達到節(jié)能環(huán)保的要求。 本文從廢物利用的角度出發(fā),以滿足污染物的排放和路基材料的基本性能為基礎,將鉆井廢棄泥漿進行改良固化后用作路基材料,來鋪筑附近的簡易路基。先通過傳統(tǒng)固化工藝對鉆井廢棄泥漿進行固化,結合路基材料的基本性能要求,分析研究固化后的鉆井泥漿的狀態(tài),再對鉆井泥漿進行改良固化處理,使其滿足各項指標要求。本文主要的工作及研究成果如下： (1)對鉆井廢棄泥漿的組成、性質、分類和路基材料所具備的基本性能要求作了詳細闡述。 (2)通過室內對比實驗研究,優(yōu)選出了固化鉆井廢棄泥漿的破膠劑和固化劑,破膠劑的組分及摻配比例為：硫酸鋁1.5%和PAC0.5%；固化劑的組分及摻配比例為：粉煤灰40%、石灰5%、石膏10%、水泥5%、黃土10%。 (3)通過分析固化后的鉆井廢棄泥漿狀態(tài),結合路基材料所具備的基本性能要求,提出了改良方案：破膠劑不變,將固化劑改成石灰和粉煤灰。 (4)通過分析研究,選取固化劑為石灰與粉煤灰的二灰固化劑,二者之間的摻配比為1：3,再對不同摻配比(30%、40%、50%、60%、70%)的二灰固化劑對鉆井廢棄泥漿進行改良固化實驗,結合環(huán)境指標和路基材料的基本性能要求,優(yōu)選出了最佳二灰摻配比為60%。在該摻配比例下各項指標：COD80mg/L、色度35、石油類含量3.5mg/L、液限45.4%、塑限36.3%、塑性指數(shù)9.1、加州承載比19.4、無側限抗壓強度1.55MPa,均滿足規(guī)范要求。 (5)結合改良固化的室內實驗方案,提出了現(xiàn)場施工方案,并通過分析計算各項原料的費用,進行了經(jīng)濟效益評價。表明改良固化具有一定的經(jīng)濟價值,對實際工程運用提供一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing demand for the energy industry such as petroleum industry, the environmental problems caused by the waste produced by oil extraction are becoming more and more obvious. In the treatment of the most important drilling waste mud in oilfield waste, the most widely used method is to treat the drilling mud while drilling. This method is to treat the drilling mud in the field directly with harmless solidification. It is generally solidified in situ by adding a prepared curing agent in the mud pool. This method is simple and easy to implement, but there are four main problems: high cost of land acquisition, waste of land resources, easy to cause secondary pollution, primitive treatment process, which is not conducive to environmental protection, and cannot be discarded. Failed to meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. Based on the discharge of pollutants and the basic properties of subgrade materials, the waste drilling mud is used as subgrade material after modified solidification in the view of waste utilization. Firstly, the waste drilling mud is solidified by traditional solidification technology. Combining with the basic performance requirements of subgrade material, the state of the solidified drilling mud is analyzed and studied, and then the drilling mud is improved to meet the requirements of various indexes. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the composition, properties, classification and basic performance requirements of subgrade materials of drilling waste mud are described in detail. (2) through laboratory comparative experiments, The rubber breaker and curing agent of solidified waste drilling mud were selected. The composition and mixing ratio of gel breaking agent were as follows: aluminum sulfate 1.5% and PAC0.5%; The composition and proportion of curing agent are as follows: fly ash 40, lime 5, gypsum 10, cement 5, loess 1010. (3) by analyzing the state of solidified drilling waste mud, combined with the basic performance requirements of subgrade material, The improvement scheme is put forward: the curing agent is changed into lime and fly ash. (4) through the analysis and research, the curing agent is selected as the lime-fly ash curing agent. The ratio between them is 1: 3, and then the modified solidification experiment is carried out on the waste drilling mud with different mixing ratio (30% 40% and 50%). Combined with the environmental index and the basic performance requirements of subgrade material, the optimum ratio of lime to ash is selected to be 60%. The indexes under this mixing ratio: COD80mg/L, color 35, petroleum content 3.5 mg / L, liquid limit 45.4, plastic limit 36.3, plastic index 9.1, California bearing ratio 19.4, unconfined compressive strength 1.55 MPA, all meet the requirements of the specification. (5) combined with the improved curing laboratory experimental scheme, The site construction scheme is put forward, and the economic benefit is evaluated by analyzing and calculating the cost of each raw material. It shows that the improved solidification has certain economic value and provides certain reference value for practical engineering application.
【學位授予單位】：西南石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U414

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