高速公路匝道交織區(qū)交通流仿真與事故特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-08 15:02
【摘要】：高速公路有著快捷、高效、方便、舒適、運輸成本低等特點,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為我國綜合交通運輸系統(tǒng)的不可或缺的一個組成部分。匝道交織區(qū)不僅是高速公路的一個重要組成部分,而且也是高速公路的重要瓶頸路段。上匝道下游不遠(yuǎn)處緊接著一個下匝道并且兩匝道之間距離較近時,在這兩個匝道之間會形成一個交織區(qū)。在交織區(qū)內(nèi)也是車輛之間容易發(fā)生沖突的區(qū)域。部分車輛需要在這非常有限的區(qū)域內(nèi)完成交織換道行為。有時還會因為沒有適當(dāng)?shù)目障锻瓿山豢椥袨?部分駕駛員會選擇強制換道。不論是強制換道還是正常的換道,都會對交織區(qū)處的車流造成干擾,使得車流呈高速紊亂狀態(tài),容易造成交通事故,使高速公路產(chǎn)生擁堵,危害人民群眾生命及財產(chǎn)安全。因此,研究高速公路匝道交織區(qū)系統(tǒng)交通流的一些特性以及交通事故特征,對減少高速公路交通事故具有重要意義。本文在借鑒和吸收國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,以元胞自動機理論、交通沖突理論以及交通流理論為指導(dǎo),以經(jīng)典的NaSch模型為基礎(chǔ),以Matlab計算機平臺為主要仿真方法,建立了高速公路匝道交織區(qū)元胞自動機模型,并模擬了參數(shù)為a2=0.2,Poff=0.2時系統(tǒng)總流量與a1的關(guān)系;在得出并分析系統(tǒng)總流量與匝道進車概率a1關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合系統(tǒng)總流量討論了在自由流和飽和流狀態(tài)下連續(xù)剎車率與a1的關(guān)系、換道比例與a1的關(guān)系和交織區(qū)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)強制換道比例與a1的關(guān)系。論文的主要研究內(nèi)容及成果如下:(1)首先利用交通沖突理論對高速公路匝道交織區(qū)交通事故類型進行理論分析,并將高速公路匝道交織區(qū)處發(fā)生的事故類型主要分為追尾、側(cè)撞與撞固定物體等三種類型。其次通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)渠道搜集高速公路匝道交織區(qū)交通事故并對其原因進行分析。最后根據(jù)交通事故原因?qū)︸{駛員與管理者提出建議。(2)建立了基于元胞自動機的高速公路匝道交織區(qū)仿真模型。分析了在不同匝道進車及匝道駛出概率條件下,交織區(qū)系統(tǒng)總流量qall與a1之間的關(guān)系,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):交織區(qū)系統(tǒng)總流量在主路進車概率a1=0.4時開始趨于飽和狀態(tài);在匝道進車概率相同的情況下,隨著匝道出車概率的增加,系統(tǒng)飽和流量值增加;在匝道駛出概率相同的情況下,隨著匝道進車概率的增加,系統(tǒng)飽和流量值減小。(3)在分析了交通事故原因的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了系統(tǒng)總流量處于自由流和飽和流狀態(tài)下的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)連續(xù)剎車率、換道比例及強制換道比例的變化情況。發(fā)現(xiàn),在相同的進車概率條件下:(1)系統(tǒng)流量處于自由流狀態(tài)時:不同匝道駛出概率所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率都平緩上升,但是匝道駛出率高時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值要高于匝道駛出概率低時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值;不同匝道駛出概率所對應(yīng)的強制換道比例都等于零。(2)系統(tǒng)流量處于飽和流狀態(tài)時:不同匝道駛出概率所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率都急劇上升后趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),但是匝道駛出率高時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值也高于匝道駛出概率低時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值;此時強制換道比例也急劇上升后趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),隨著匝道駛出概率的增加而增加。匝道駛出概率相同時:(1)系統(tǒng)總流量處于自由流狀態(tài)時:不同的匝道進車概率所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎都車平緩上升,然而不同匝道進車概率對連續(xù)剎車率的影響并不大;不同匝道進車概率所對應(yīng)的強制換道比例都等于零。(2)系統(tǒng)流量處于飽和流狀態(tài)時:不同匝道進車概率所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率都急劇上升后趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),但是匝道進車率高時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值低于匝道駛出概率低時所對應(yīng)的連續(xù)剎車率值;此時強制換道比例也急劇上升后趨于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),隨著匝道進車概率的增加而增加。
[Abstract]:The expressway has the characteristics of shortcut, high efficiency, convenience, comfort, low transportation cost and so on. It has become an indispensable part of the comprehensive transportation system in China. The ramp interleaving area is not only an important part of the expressway, but also an important bottleneck road section of the expressway. An interleaving area is formed between the two ramps immediately following the next ramp downstream of the ramp and closer to the two ramps. Areas that are prone to conflict between vehicles are also within the interleaving area. Some vehicles need to complete the interleaving behavior in this very limited area. Sometimes, because there is no appropriate clearance to complete the interleaving behavior, some drivers will choose to force the lane. Whether forced switching or normal lane change can interfere with the traffic flow at the interleaving area, so that the traffic flow is in a high-speed disturbance state, traffic accidents can be easily caused, congestion on the expressway is caused, and the life and property safety of the people are endangered. Therefore, it is of great significance to study some characteristics of traffic flow and traffic accident characteristics of freeway ramp-crossing system. On the basis of reference and absorption of academic research achievements at home and abroad, this paper takes the theory of meta-cellular automata, traffic conflict theory and traffic flow theory as the guidance, based on the classic NaSch model, and takes the Matlab computer platform as the main simulation method. On the basis of obtaining and analyzing the relation between the total flow of the system and the ramp-in vehicle probability a1, The relation between the continuous brake rate and a1 in free flow and saturated flow condition, the relationship between the change ratio and a1 and the relationship between the forced commutation ratio and a1 in the interleaving area system are discussed in combination with the total flow of the system. The main contents and achievements of the thesis are as follows: (1) Firstly, the traffic conflict theory is used to analyze the traffic accident types of the freeway ramp, and the types of accidents at the intersection of the ramp are mainly divided into rear-end collision. Three types of side impact and collision fixed objects. Secondly, the traffic accidents of the freeway ramp are collected through the network channel, and the reasons are analyzed. Finally, the driver and the manager make suggestions according to the cause of the traffic accident. (2) The simulation model of freeway ramp interleaving area based on meta-cellular automata is established. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the total flow qall and a1 of the cross-section system at different ramp-in vehicles and ramp-out probability conditions, it is found that the total flow of the interlaced zone system begins to become saturated when the main road enters the vehicle's probability a1 = 0.4, and in the case of the same probability of the ramp-in vehicle, With the increase of ramp-off probability, the saturation flow value of the system increases, and with the increase of the ramp-in probability, the system saturation flow value decreases. (3) On the basis of analyzing the cause of traffic accident, the change of continuous brake rate, change ratio and forced commutation ratio in the system under the condition of free flow and saturated flow is analyzed. It is found that under the same vehicle probability condition: (1) When the system flow is in the free flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the departure probability of different ramps rises smoothly. However, the corresponding continuous braking rate value when the ramp-off rate is high is higher than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-out probability is low; the forced commutation ratio corresponding to the departure probability of the different ramp is equal to zero. (2) When the flow of the system is in the saturated flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the departure probability of the different ramp rises sharply, but the corresponding continuous brake rate value is higher than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-out rate is high; At this time, the forced commutation ratio is also increased sharply, which increases with the increase of the ramp-out probability. The ramp-off probability is the same: (1) When the total flow of the system is in the free-flow state, the continuous brake corresponding to the different ramp-in vehicle probability increases gently, however, the influence of different ramp-on-vehicle probability on the continuous braking rate is not significant; The ratio of forced commutation corresponding to the probability of the ramp-in vehicle is equal to zero. (2) When the flow of the system is in the saturated flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the vehicle probability of the different ramp rises sharply, and the continuous brake rate value corresponding to the ramp entrance rate is lower than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-in ratio is high; At this time, the forced commutation ratio is also increased sharply, which increases with the increase of the ramp-in probability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491
本文編號：2257204
[Abstract]:The expressway has the characteristics of shortcut, high efficiency, convenience, comfort, low transportation cost and so on. It has become an indispensable part of the comprehensive transportation system in China. The ramp interleaving area is not only an important part of the expressway, but also an important bottleneck road section of the expressway. An interleaving area is formed between the two ramps immediately following the next ramp downstream of the ramp and closer to the two ramps. Areas that are prone to conflict between vehicles are also within the interleaving area. Some vehicles need to complete the interleaving behavior in this very limited area. Sometimes, because there is no appropriate clearance to complete the interleaving behavior, some drivers will choose to force the lane. Whether forced switching or normal lane change can interfere with the traffic flow at the interleaving area, so that the traffic flow is in a high-speed disturbance state, traffic accidents can be easily caused, congestion on the expressway is caused, and the life and property safety of the people are endangered. Therefore, it is of great significance to study some characteristics of traffic flow and traffic accident characteristics of freeway ramp-crossing system. On the basis of reference and absorption of academic research achievements at home and abroad, this paper takes the theory of meta-cellular automata, traffic conflict theory and traffic flow theory as the guidance, based on the classic NaSch model, and takes the Matlab computer platform as the main simulation method. On the basis of obtaining and analyzing the relation between the total flow of the system and the ramp-in vehicle probability a1, The relation between the continuous brake rate and a1 in free flow and saturated flow condition, the relationship between the change ratio and a1 and the relationship between the forced commutation ratio and a1 in the interleaving area system are discussed in combination with the total flow of the system. The main contents and achievements of the thesis are as follows: (1) Firstly, the traffic conflict theory is used to analyze the traffic accident types of the freeway ramp, and the types of accidents at the intersection of the ramp are mainly divided into rear-end collision. Three types of side impact and collision fixed objects. Secondly, the traffic accidents of the freeway ramp are collected through the network channel, and the reasons are analyzed. Finally, the driver and the manager make suggestions according to the cause of the traffic accident. (2) The simulation model of freeway ramp interleaving area based on meta-cellular automata is established. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the total flow qall and a1 of the cross-section system at different ramp-in vehicles and ramp-out probability conditions, it is found that the total flow of the interlaced zone system begins to become saturated when the main road enters the vehicle's probability a1 = 0.4, and in the case of the same probability of the ramp-in vehicle, With the increase of ramp-off probability, the saturation flow value of the system increases, and with the increase of the ramp-in probability, the system saturation flow value decreases. (3) On the basis of analyzing the cause of traffic accident, the change of continuous brake rate, change ratio and forced commutation ratio in the system under the condition of free flow and saturated flow is analyzed. It is found that under the same vehicle probability condition: (1) When the system flow is in the free flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the departure probability of different ramps rises smoothly. However, the corresponding continuous braking rate value when the ramp-off rate is high is higher than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-out probability is low; the forced commutation ratio corresponding to the departure probability of the different ramp is equal to zero. (2) When the flow of the system is in the saturated flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the departure probability of the different ramp rises sharply, but the corresponding continuous brake rate value is higher than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-out rate is high; At this time, the forced commutation ratio is also increased sharply, which increases with the increase of the ramp-out probability. The ramp-off probability is the same: (1) When the total flow of the system is in the free-flow state, the continuous brake corresponding to the different ramp-in vehicle probability increases gently, however, the influence of different ramp-on-vehicle probability on the continuous braking rate is not significant; The ratio of forced commutation corresponding to the probability of the ramp-in vehicle is equal to zero. (2) When the flow of the system is in the saturated flow state, the continuous braking rate corresponding to the vehicle probability of the different ramp rises sharply, and the continuous brake rate value corresponding to the ramp entrance rate is lower than the corresponding continuous brake rate value when the ramp-in ratio is high; At this time, the forced commutation ratio is also increased sharply, which increases with the increase of the ramp-in probability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491
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