【摘要】：港口航道通過(guò)能力的計(jì)算是沿海港口航道規(guī)劃建設(shè)的重要課題。確定一個(gè)科學(xué)、準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算分析方法能提高泊位裝卸效率,降低船舶待泊成本。然而港口航道通過(guò)能力的計(jì)算具有隨機(jī)因素多,船舶密度通常比較大,航道情況復(fù)雜多變等情況,因此采用傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算港口航道通過(guò)能力在準(zhǔn)確性上還不成熟。本文引入排隊(duì)論和離散仿真思想能夠較真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確解決港口航道通過(guò)能力計(jì)算問題。首先,介紹排隊(duì)論相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論和計(jì)算公式,詳細(xì)闡述M/M/C排隊(duì)模型,對(duì)該模型中排隊(duì)系統(tǒng)平均到達(dá)率、服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)服務(wù)率、平均隊(duì)長(zhǎng)、平均等待隊(duì)長(zhǎng)、顧客等待時(shí)間和逗留時(shí)間公式進(jìn)行推導(dǎo)。同時(shí)介紹離散系統(tǒng)仿真理論,將上述排隊(duì)論計(jì)算指標(biāo)用于港口航道仿真建模中。其次,仿真建模開始階段提出港口航道通過(guò)能力的概念并分析其影響因素,修正了航道容量計(jì)算公式,以便計(jì)算仿真過(guò)程服務(wù)臺(tái)數(shù)量。仿真實(shí)現(xiàn)階段重點(diǎn)分析船舶到港規(guī)律和船舶在泊停時(shí)規(guī)律,利用離散仿真軟件Rockwell Arena中的Input Analyzer驗(yàn)證船舶平均到達(dá)率服從泊松分布,修正船舶在泊停時(shí)服從二階愛爾朗分布。然后,借助Arena軟件可視化交互集成的特性,將其中的流程模塊(Flowchart Module)、數(shù)據(jù)模塊(Data Module)、實(shí)體(Entity)數(shù)據(jù),隊(duì)列(Queue)數(shù)據(jù)和資源(Resource)數(shù)據(jù)依據(jù)港口航道作業(yè)系統(tǒng)邏輯圖構(gòu)建港口航道通過(guò)能力仿真模型,分析船舶到達(dá)時(shí)間間隔,船舶等待時(shí)間,船舶等待長(zhǎng)度以及泊位利用率,并通過(guò)MATLAB繪制它們之間的關(guān)系圖,為航道規(guī)劃、改擴(kuò)建提供依據(jù)。最后,將構(gòu)建的港口航道通過(guò)能力仿真模型在具體港口常熟港進(jìn)行應(yīng)用分析。同時(shí)計(jì)算出評(píng)價(jià)港口航道通過(guò)能力的各項(xiàng)參數(shù)和港口服務(wù)水平(AWT/AST),所建立的仿真模型可以實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)的改變船舶到達(dá)規(guī)律,以期得到最佳航道容量和泊位利用率。并且模型輸出結(jié)果和港口實(shí)際統(tǒng)計(jì)資料對(duì)比,證明本文利用排隊(duì)論思想建立的仿真模型具有較好的真實(shí)性和準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:The calculation of the passage capacity of the port channel is an important subject in the planning and construction of the coastal port channel. Determining a scientific and accurate calculation and analysis method can improve the berth handling efficiency and reduce the ship's waiting cost. However, the calculation of the passage capacity of the port channel has many random factors, such as the ship density is usually relatively large, the waterway situation is complex and changeable, so it is not mature to use the traditional empirical formula to calculate the passage capacity of the port channel. In this paper, the theory of queue and discrete simulation can be used to solve the problem of calculating the passing capacity of port and waterway accurately. First of all, the basic theory and calculation formula of queuing theory are introduced, and the M/C queuing model is described in detail. The average arrival rate of queuing system, service rate of service organization, average queue length, average waiting length in this model are discussed. The formula of customer waiting time and staying time is derived. At the same time, the theory of discrete system simulation is introduced, and the above calculation index of queuing theory is applied to the simulation modeling of port and waterway. Secondly, at the beginning of simulation modeling, the concept of port waterway passing capacity is put forward and its influence factors are analyzed, and the calculation formula of channel capacity is revised to calculate the number of service desks in the simulation process. In the stage of simulation, the law of ship arrival and the law of ship stopping at berth are analyzed, and the distribution of average arrival rate from Poisson is verified by Input Analyzer in the discrete simulation software Rockwell Arena, and the second order Erlang distribution is corrected. Then, with the help of the feature of visual interactive integration of Arena software, the process module, (Flowchart Module), data module, (Data Module), entity (Entity) data is used. According to the logic diagram of port channel operation system, the simulation model of port channel passing capacity is constructed by queue (Queue) data and resource (Resource) data, and the ship arrival time interval, ship waiting time, ship waiting length and berth utilization ratio are analyzed. The relationship between them is drawn by MATLAB, which provides the basis for channel planning, reconstruction and extension. Finally, the simulation model of port waterway capacity is applied to Changshu port. At the same time, the parameters and port service level (AWT/AST) are calculated to evaluate the passage capacity of the port channel. The simulation model can dynamically change the arrival rule of the ship, in order to obtain the optimal channel capacity and berth utilization ratio. The comparison between the model output and the port statistical data proves that the simulation model based on queuing theory is reliable and accurate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U652;U697

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本文編號(hào)：2252601