基于四因素指數(shù)的區(qū)域公路網(wǎng)布局方法
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-09 17:12
【摘要】：公路交通是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支撐,是綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系的重要基礎(chǔ)。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),公路交通盡管實(shí)現(xiàn)了快速發(fā)展,對(duì)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的瓶頸制約得到明顯緩解,但并未完全消除,總體不足、結(jié)構(gòu)失衡的矛盾依然十分突出。同時(shí),運(yùn)輸需求的深刻變化、環(huán)境資源的日趨緊張,對(duì)公路交通的發(fā)展提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。在此背景下,公路交通的發(fā)展要以運(yùn)輸需求為主導(dǎo),以社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)貢獻(xiàn)最大化為目標(biāo),在環(huán)境資源約束條件下最大限度地滿足運(yùn)輸需求、節(jié)約成本開(kāi)支,實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸供給與運(yùn)輸需求的最佳匹配。本文以區(qū)域公路網(wǎng)布局為研究對(duì)象,基于公路交通的基本產(chǎn)業(yè)屬性,從價(jià)值流轉(zhuǎn)的角度,分析公路建設(shè)運(yùn)行過(guò)程中主要相關(guān)利益主體的決策目標(biāo)及其相互關(guān)系,選取建設(shè)養(yǎng)護(hù)成本、土地占用機(jī)會(huì)成本、運(yùn)輸成本、公路網(wǎng)使用效率四個(gè)因素作為決策變量,建立公路網(wǎng)四因素指數(shù)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以最大限度地滿足運(yùn)輸需求為根本目標(biāo),構(gòu)建區(qū)域公路網(wǎng)的布局方法。首先,根據(jù)需求節(jié)點(diǎn)的連通方式和交通資源的分布情況,將公路網(wǎng)布局形態(tài)劃分為分散型布局和集中型布局,結(jié)合四因素指數(shù)分析節(jié)點(diǎn)位置、需求分布對(duì)兩種布局形態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的影響,由此確定區(qū)域公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本格局;其次,建立公路交通線吸引范圍模型和需求OD投影模型,模擬公路交通線對(duì)周邊交通的吸引作用,采用OD聚類(lèi)分析方法確定區(qū)域運(yùn)輸需求軸線,即區(qū)域內(nèi)運(yùn)輸需求分布最為集中的方向,為區(qū)域公路網(wǎng)的規(guī)劃布局標(biāo)明重點(diǎn),作為主要公路布局的依據(jù);最后,根據(jù)公路的功能分類(lèi)和節(jié)點(diǎn)的層次劃分,分別構(gòu)建干線公路、集散公路和連接公路布局方法,從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)連接狀態(tài)入手,建立以添加虛擬節(jié)點(diǎn)為核心內(nèi)容的優(yōu)化模型,并引入粒子群算法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解。從而得到最終公路網(wǎng)布局方案。方法以運(yùn)輸需求作為公路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的主導(dǎo)目標(biāo),可實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸需求和運(yùn)輸供給的最佳匹配,有利于運(yùn)輸需求的最大化實(shí)現(xiàn)和公路交通資源的高效配置。在構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代化綜合運(yùn)輸體系過(guò)程中,可有效實(shí)現(xiàn)“增量”建設(shè)和“存量”優(yōu)化的有機(jī)統(tǒng)一,既發(fā)揮“增量”的優(yōu)勢(shì),又挖掘“存量”的潛能,以“增量”建設(shè)促進(jìn)“存量”優(yōu)化,使公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)得到整體優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:Highway traffic is an important support of social and economic development and an important foundation of comprehensive transportation system. Since the reform and opening up, although the highway traffic has achieved rapid development, the bottleneck constraints to the social economy have been obviously eased, but not completely eliminated, the overall insufficiency, the contradiction of structural imbalance is still very prominent. At the same time, the profound changes of transportation demand and the increasing shortage of environmental resources pose a new challenge to the development of highway traffic. In this context, the development of highway traffic should take transportation demand as the leading factor, maximize the social and economic contribution, meet the transportation demand to the maximum extent under the constraint of environment and resources, and save the cost. Realize the best match between transportation supply and transportation demand. This paper takes the layout of regional highway network as the research object, based on the basic industrial attributes of highway traffic, from the perspective of value circulation, analyzes the decision-making objectives of the main stakeholders in the process of highway construction operation and their relationship. Four factors such as construction maintenance cost, land occupation opportunity cost, transportation cost and efficiency of highway network are selected as decision variables, and the four factors index of highway network is established. On the basis of this, the layout method of regional highway network is constructed with the aim of meeting the transportation demand to the maximum extent. Firstly, according to the connection mode of demand nodes and the distribution of traffic resources, the layout of highway network is divided into decentralized layout and centralized layout, and the location of nodes is analyzed in combination with four-factor index. The influence of demand distribution on the function of two kinds of layout form system, which determines the basic pattern of regional highway network. Secondly, the model of attracting range of highway traffic line and the OD projection model of demand are established. This paper simulates the attraction effect of highway traffic line to the surrounding traffic, and uses OD cluster analysis method to determine the axis of regional transportation demand, that is, the direction of the most concentrated distribution of transport demand in the region, which indicates the key points for the planning and layout of the regional highway network. As the basis of the main highway layout, finally, according to the functional classification of the highway and the division of the nodes, the layout methods of the trunk highway, the distributed highway and the connecting highway are constructed, starting with the connection state of the infrastructure. An optimization model based on adding virtual nodes is established, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the model. Thus, the final layout scheme of highway network is obtained. Methods taking transportation demand as the main goal of highway network planning, the optimal matching of transport demand and transportation supply can be realized, which is beneficial to the maximization of transport demand and the efficient allocation of highway traffic resources. In the process of constructing modern integrated transportation system, the organic unity of "increment" construction and "stock" optimization can be realized effectively, which not only exerts the advantage of "increment", but also excavates the potential of "stock". The construction of "increment" promotes the optimization of "stock" and makes the highway network system optimize as a whole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U412.1
本文編號(hào)：2233046
[Abstract]:Highway traffic is an important support of social and economic development and an important foundation of comprehensive transportation system. Since the reform and opening up, although the highway traffic has achieved rapid development, the bottleneck constraints to the social economy have been obviously eased, but not completely eliminated, the overall insufficiency, the contradiction of structural imbalance is still very prominent. At the same time, the profound changes of transportation demand and the increasing shortage of environmental resources pose a new challenge to the development of highway traffic. In this context, the development of highway traffic should take transportation demand as the leading factor, maximize the social and economic contribution, meet the transportation demand to the maximum extent under the constraint of environment and resources, and save the cost. Realize the best match between transportation supply and transportation demand. This paper takes the layout of regional highway network as the research object, based on the basic industrial attributes of highway traffic, from the perspective of value circulation, analyzes the decision-making objectives of the main stakeholders in the process of highway construction operation and their relationship. Four factors such as construction maintenance cost, land occupation opportunity cost, transportation cost and efficiency of highway network are selected as decision variables, and the four factors index of highway network is established. On the basis of this, the layout method of regional highway network is constructed with the aim of meeting the transportation demand to the maximum extent. Firstly, according to the connection mode of demand nodes and the distribution of traffic resources, the layout of highway network is divided into decentralized layout and centralized layout, and the location of nodes is analyzed in combination with four-factor index. The influence of demand distribution on the function of two kinds of layout form system, which determines the basic pattern of regional highway network. Secondly, the model of attracting range of highway traffic line and the OD projection model of demand are established. This paper simulates the attraction effect of highway traffic line to the surrounding traffic, and uses OD cluster analysis method to determine the axis of regional transportation demand, that is, the direction of the most concentrated distribution of transport demand in the region, which indicates the key points for the planning and layout of the regional highway network. As the basis of the main highway layout, finally, according to the functional classification of the highway and the division of the nodes, the layout methods of the trunk highway, the distributed highway and the connecting highway are constructed, starting with the connection state of the infrastructure. An optimization model based on adding virtual nodes is established, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to solve the model. Thus, the final layout scheme of highway network is obtained. Methods taking transportation demand as the main goal of highway network planning, the optimal matching of transport demand and transportation supply can be realized, which is beneficial to the maximization of transport demand and the efficient allocation of highway traffic resources. In the process of constructing modern integrated transportation system, the organic unity of "increment" construction and "stock" optimization can be realized effectively, which not only exerts the advantage of "increment", but also excavates the potential of "stock". The construction of "increment" promotes the optimization of "stock" and makes the highway network system optimize as a whole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U412.1
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