【摘要】：當(dāng)前我國(guó)路橋收費(fèi)大部分還是依靠人工收費(fèi)的方式,這種收費(fèi)方式成本高,效率低,尤其隨著我國(guó)汽車保有量的大幅攀升,低效率的收費(fèi)方式常常會(huì)造成道路的擁擠和大量的交通污染甚至交通事故。隨著電子、通信、軟件等技術(shù)快速發(fā)展,社會(huì)管理向智能化發(fā)展,道路交通管理也在大規(guī)模的進(jìn)行智慧升級(jí)。電子不停車收費(fèi)(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)系統(tǒng)作為行之有效的道路收費(fèi)管理手段,能夠有效提高路網(wǎng)通行能力和道路交通效率。ETC系統(tǒng)通信是基于專用短程通信(Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。DSRC是一種高效的無(wú)線通信技術(shù),可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在較小區(qū)域內(nèi)和移動(dòng)目標(biāo)雙向通信。在ETC應(yīng)用中主要是路側(cè)單元(Road Side Unit,RSU)和車載單元(OnBoard Uint,OBU)間的信息通信。本文基于實(shí)習(xí)公司的項(xiàng)目,面向ETC的應(yīng)用需求,開展DSRC協(xié)議的實(shí)現(xiàn)及設(shè)計(jì)方案研究,為ETC應(yīng)用提供可靠通信支持。本文結(jié)合ETC系統(tǒng),研究DSRC協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)理論及其相關(guān)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),分析協(xié)議棧各層的結(jié)構(gòu)和特點(diǎn),建立arm-linux軟件和硬件開發(fā)環(huán)境,并就物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層、應(yīng)用層及設(shè)備應(yīng)用層做設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)工作:對(duì)于物理層,設(shè)計(jì)射頻通信模塊并通過SPI實(shí)現(xiàn)射頻通信模塊的控制和數(shù)據(jù)通信接口;對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,設(shè)計(jì)層管理。通過外部中斷結(jié)合異步通知實(shí)現(xiàn)及時(shí)中斷處理,防止丟包。底層數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送接收與上層協(xié)議棧處理運(yùn)用多線程來(lái)解耦,線程間通過消息隊(duì)列通信,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)緩沖。為解決通信可能出現(xiàn)的差錯(cuò),設(shè)計(jì)重傳機(jī)制。運(yùn)用狀態(tài)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)邏輯鏈路控制(Logical Link Control,LLC)子層的鏈路控制機(jī)制。最后給出媒體訪問控制(Media Access Control,MAC)子層和LLC子層的工作流程;對(duì)于應(yīng)用層,設(shè)計(jì)層管理,研究并應(yīng)用ASN.1抽象語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記定義應(yīng)用層服務(wù),實(shí)現(xiàn)傳輸數(shù)據(jù)編解碼和分并段,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)傳輸內(nèi)核(Transfer Kernel,T-KE)、初始化內(nèi)核(Initialization Kernel,I-KE)和廣播內(nèi)核(Broadcast Kernel,B-KE);對(duì)于設(shè)備應(yīng)用層,設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)擴(kuò)展應(yīng)用接口和應(yīng)用安全。最后,通過對(duì)本文的DSRC協(xié)議軟件進(jìn)行測(cè)試,達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),正確實(shí)現(xiàn)DSRC協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的RSU和OBU通信功能并具有很好的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the road and bridge tolls in our country still rely on manual toll collection, which is of high cost and low efficiency, especially as the number of cars in our country has increased substantially. Inefficient toll collection often results in road congestion, traffic pollution and even traffic accidents. With the rapid development of electronic, communication, software and other technologies, the development of social management to intelligent, road traffic management is also a large-scale intelligent upgrading. Electronic non-stop toll (Electronic Toll Collection,ETC) system is an effective means of road toll management. It is an efficient wireless communication technology that can effectively improve road network capacity and road traffic efficiency. Etc system communication is based on special short-range communication (Dedicated Short Range Communications,DSRC). It can realize two-way communication in small area and mobile target. In the application of ETC, it is mainly the communication between road side unit (Road Side Unit,RSU) and vehicle unit (OnBoard Uint,OBU). Based on the project of the internship company and the application demand of ETC, this paper studies the implementation and design of DSRC protocol, which provides reliable communication support for ETC application. Combined with ETC system, this paper studies the basic theory of DSRC protocol and its related technical standards, analyzes the structure and characteristics of each layer of protocol stack, establishes the development environment of arm-linux software and hardware, and discusses the physical layer and data link layer. For the physical layer, the RF communication module is designed, and the control and data communication interface of the RF communication module is realized through SPI. For the data link layer, the design layer is managed. Realize timely interrupt processing by external interrupt combined with asynchronous notification to prevent packet loss. Multi-thread is used to decouple the data sending and receiving between the bottom layer and the upper layer protocol stack, and the communication between threads is via message queue to realize data buffering. In order to solve the possible errors in communication, a retransmission mechanism is designed. The state machine is used to design the link control mechanism of the logical link control (Logical Link Control,LLC) sublayer. Finally, the workflow of (Media Access Control,MAC and LLC sub-layer is given. For the application layer, the design layer is managed, the application layer services are defined by ASN.1 abstract syntax tag, and the transmission data coding and decoding are realized. Then the transport kernel (Transfer Kernel,T-KE), the initialization kernel (Initialization Kernel,I-KE) and the broadcast kernel (Broadcast Kernel,B-KE) are implemented, and for the device application layer, the extended application interface and application security are designed and implemented. Finally, by testing the DSRC protocol software in this paper, the design goal is achieved, and the RSU and OBU communication functions stipulated in the DSRC protocol standard are realized correctly and have good stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U495

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本文編號(hào)：2218199