【摘要】：目前我國(guó)公路橋梁已超過70萬座,其中中小跨徑混凝土橋梁在我國(guó)得到廣泛應(yīng)用,占橋梁總數(shù)的90%以上。在復(fù)雜交通環(huán)境及車輛荷載的作用下,橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)性能將逐漸退化、破損、鋼筋銹蝕、耐久性降低,嚴(yán)重影響橋梁的安全運(yùn)營(yíng)。本文以中小跨徑混凝土橋梁為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)在役橋梁的性能進(jìn)行了深入的研究,主要分析了浙江衢州地區(qū)中小跨徑混凝土橋梁的現(xiàn)狀,提出了橋梁性能狀態(tài)的評(píng)估方法,重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了四片既有預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土空心板梁靜動(dòng)力性能的試驗(yàn)研究,最后給出了橋梁的性能維護(hù)策略。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容及成果如下： 1)對(duì)衢州地區(qū)在役中小跨徑混凝土橋梁的性能狀況進(jìn)行詳細(xì)調(diào)查,對(duì)中小跨徑橋梁的上部結(jié)構(gòu)類型、荷載等級(jí)、技術(shù)狀況、主要病害類型進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析,并對(duì)病害產(chǎn)生的綜合性原因進(jìn)行分析。 2)在充分考慮橋梁性能狀態(tài)評(píng)估中的模糊性和不確定性的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于云理論的橋梁性能狀態(tài)評(píng)估方法。通過實(shí)例應(yīng)用,驗(yàn)證了本文方法的合理性,為橋梁性能狀態(tài)的評(píng)估提供了一種新方法。 3)通過對(duì)四片既有20m標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土空心板梁進(jìn)行從彈性至構(gòu)件破壞的加載試驗(yàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)該類PC空心板梁在使用11年后,仍具有很好的延性。試驗(yàn)研究和非線性有限元分析結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了現(xiàn)行橋梁規(guī)范給出的承載力計(jì)算公式是合理的。在受剪試驗(yàn)加載工況下,該試驗(yàn)梁的配筋設(shè)計(jì)一般是正截面受彎破壞先于斜截面受剪破壞,斜截面抗剪承載力相對(duì)較大。 4)分別通過數(shù)值計(jì)算與試驗(yàn)研究分析無噪聲和實(shí)測(cè)有噪聲下,預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土梁破壞過程中的振動(dòng)特性。采用龍格-庫(kù)塔法求解試驗(yàn)梁振動(dòng)偏微分方程,獲得試驗(yàn)梁在力錘激勵(lì)下動(dòng)力響應(yīng),對(duì)所得信號(hào)進(jìn)行HHT時(shí)頻分析；對(duì)實(shí)測(cè)信號(hào)進(jìn)行HHT變換獲得試驗(yàn)梁破壞過程中各損傷階段下的瞬時(shí)頻率-加速度幅值曲線。瞬時(shí)頻率-加速度幅值曲線對(duì)應(yīng)的損傷特征頻率的變化反映了試驗(yàn)梁在破壞過程中的損傷程度的變化。 5)分別選取狀態(tài)指標(biāo)和可靠度指標(biāo)作為性能維護(hù)指標(biāo),并研究其劣化模型及其維護(hù)策略。建立維護(hù)策略優(yōu)化模型,以壽命周期維護(hù)成本最小為目標(biāo)函數(shù),并考慮多級(jí)性能水準(zhǔn)的要求制定最優(yōu)的維護(hù)加固策略,給出不同性能水準(zhǔn)下橋梁壽命周期的維護(hù)優(yōu)化策略。
[Abstract]:At present, there are more than 700000 highway bridges in China, in which small span concrete bridges are widely used in China, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of bridges. Under the action of complex traffic environment and vehicle load, the performance of bridge structure will be degraded gradually, damaged, steel bar corroded and durability reduced, which seriously affects the safe operation of bridge. This paper takes medium and small span concrete bridge as the research object, deeply studies the performance of the existing bridge, mainly analyzes the present situation of the small and medium-sized span concrete bridge in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, and puts forward the evaluation method of the bridge performance state. The static and dynamic behavior of four existing prestressed concrete hollow slab beams is studied. Finally, the performance maintenance strategy of the bridge is given. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) the performance of existing small and medium span concrete bridges in Quzhou area is investigated in detail, and the superstructure type, load grade, technical status of medium and small span bridges are analyzed. The main disease types are analyzed in detail, and the comprehensive causes of the disease are analyzed. 2) on the basis of considering the fuzziness and uncertainty in the evaluation of bridge performance, Based on cloud theory, a bridge performance evaluation method is proposed. The rationality of this method is verified by an example. This paper provides a new method for evaluating the performance of bridges. 3) the loading test of four prestressed concrete hollow slab beams with existing 20m standard span from elastic to member failure is carried out. It is found that the PC hollow slab beam still has good ductility after 11 years of service. The experimental results and nonlinear finite element analysis results verify the calculation formula of bearing capacity given by the current bridge code is reasonable. Under the loading condition of shear test, the reinforcement design of the test beam is usually that the flexural failure of the normal section is prior to the shear failure of the oblique section. The shear bearing capacity of oblique section is relatively large. 4) the vibration characteristics of prestressed concrete beams in the process of failure are analyzed by numerical calculation and experimental study respectively under noise-free and measured noise-free conditions. The Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the vibration partial differential equation of the test beam. The dynamic response of the test beam under the excitation of the force hammer is obtained, and the HHT time-frequency analysis of the obtained signal is carried out. The instantaneous frequency-acceleration amplitudes of the test beam in each damage stage were obtained by HHT transform. The change of the damage characteristic frequency corresponding to the instantaneous frequency-acceleration amplitude curve reflects the change of the damage degree of the test beam during the failure process. 5) the state index and the reliability index are selected as the performance maintenance index, respectively. The deterioration model and its maintenance strategy are also studied. The maintenance strategy optimization model is established, the minimum maintenance cost of the bridge life cycle is taken as the objective function, and the optimal maintenance and reinforcement strategy is formulated considering the requirements of multi-level performance level, and the maintenance optimization strategy for the bridge life cycle under different performance levels is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U445.7

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