【摘要】：近年來,公路的飛速建設(shè)在給人類帶來巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益,但與此同時(shí)也給沿線生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了巨大的影響,為降低這種破壞程度,公路綠化已成為公路建設(shè)中一項(xiàng)不可缺少的內(nèi)容。山區(qū)公路高邊坡綠化具有自己的特點(diǎn),對比普通的平原公路邊坡綠化來說,山區(qū)公路地勢更復(fù)雜,其結(jié)構(gòu)形式也更多,根據(jù)不同的路基斷面可以分為路塹和路堤兩部分,根據(jù)路面的填筑材料也可分為石質(zhì)與土質(zhì),所以說在公路綠化的過程當(dāng)中,測量工作要充分考慮到這些地理環(huán)境帶來的變化,只有對不同邊坡設(shè)定不同的測量措施,才能全方位的進(jìn)行綠化工作。目前公路邊坡面積測量主要依靠皮尺、全站儀、GPS-RTK等設(shè)備采取全野外人工措施采集數(shù)據(jù)后再內(nèi)業(yè)加工處理生產(chǎn)。這些作業(yè)方式:一方面存在不同程度的時(shí)耗、高成本、低效率和強(qiáng)大的人工勞動;另一方面野外作業(yè)人員安全得不到有效保障。在這種前提下,如何提高作業(yè)效率、縮小野外作業(yè)量、降低生產(chǎn)成本和人員安全,對當(dāng)今精確獲取邊坡綠化面積數(shù)據(jù)提出更高要求。本文針對此問題,依據(jù)測繪新技術(shù)新理論,研究建立了一個(gè)山區(qū)公路高邊坡綠化面積測量無人機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方案。并通過實(shí)例對方案進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該方案是經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、有效的。本文首先分析了國內(nèi)外山區(qū)公路邊坡面積測量技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀,指出了我國山區(qū)公路邊坡面積測量技術(shù)存在的問題。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容和方法以及研究的意義。其次闡述了無人機(jī)技術(shù)的基本原理和基本思想,介紹了無人機(jī)技術(shù)的基本概念和基本方法,提出了應(yīng)用無人機(jī)技術(shù)的前提條件。然后本文對山區(qū)公路邊坡面積傳統(tǒng)測量技術(shù)存在的問題進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié),并提出合理的假設(shè)。在這些假設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)上逐步深入分析,根據(jù)動態(tài)規(guī)劃理論,設(shè)計(jì)出山區(qū)公路高邊坡綠化面積測量無人機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方案。接著對設(shè)計(jì)的山區(qū)公路高邊坡綠化面積測量無人機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方案進(jìn)行實(shí)例檢驗(yàn),并對方案給予分析和評價(jià)。檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該方案是有效的。最后對山區(qū)公路邊坡綠化面積無人機(jī)測量技術(shù)應(yīng)用方案進(jìn)行總結(jié)及展望。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid construction of highway has brought great economic and social benefits to human beings, but at the same time, it has also caused a huge impact on the ecological environment along the route. Highway greening has become an indispensable content in highway construction. Mountain highway high slope greening has its own characteristics. Compared with plain highway slope greening, mountain highway terrain is more complicated and its structure forms are more. According to different subgrade sections, it can be divided into two parts: cutting and embankment. According to the pavement filling materials can also be divided into stone and soil, so in the road greening process, the survey should fully take into account these changes brought about by the geographical environment, only to different slope set different measurement measures. Ability to carry out all-round greening work. At present, the survey of highway slope area mainly depends on the scale, total station instrument, GPS-RTK and so on. The whole field manual measures are taken to collect the data and then the internal processing and processing production. On the one hand, there are different degrees of time consumption, high cost, low efficiency and powerful labor; on the other hand, the safety of field workers can not be effectively guaranteed. Under this premise, how to improve the work efficiency, reduce the field work volume, reduce the production cost and personnel safety, and put forward higher requirements for accurate acquisition of slope greening area data. In order to solve this problem, according to the new technology and new theory of surveying and mapping, this paper studies and establishes an application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to measure the greening area of high slope of mountain highway. The experimental results show that the scheme is economical, safe and effective. This paper first analyzes the present situation of the measurement technology of highway slope area in mountainous areas at home and abroad, and points out the problems existing in the measurement technology of highway slope area in mountainous areas of our country. On this basis, the main contents and methods of this research and the significance of the research are put forward. Secondly, the basic principles and ideas of UAV technology are introduced, the basic concepts and methods of UAV technology are introduced, and the preconditions for the application of UAV technology are put forward. Then this paper analyzes and summarizes the problems existing in the traditional measurement technology of mountain highway slope area, and puts forward reasonable assumptions. On the basis of these assumptions and based on the theory of dynamic programming, an application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology to measure the greening area of high slope in mountainous area is designed. Then, the applied scheme of UAV technology for high slope greening area measurement in mountainous area is tested, and the scheme is analyzed and evaluated. The test results show that the scheme is effective. Finally, the application scheme of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurement technology for highway slope greening area in mountainous area is summarized and prospected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U412.2

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